Giant Sensitivity through Fully-Passive and Chip-Less Parametric Temperature Sensors
Giant Sensitivity through Fully-Passive and Chip-Less Parametric Temperature Sensors
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DOI：
10.1109/sensors47125.2020.9278907
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发表时间：
2020-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hussein M. E. Hussein-Hussein-M.-E.-Hussein-144402973;C. Cassella
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作者：
Hussein M. E. Hussein-Hussein-M.-E.-Hussein-144402973;C. Cassella
在这项工作中，我们提出了一种新的无源和无电池温度（T）传感器，利用基于变容二极管的参数分频器（PFD）的独特动态，以提高几个数量级的商业和低成本温度敏感元件所达到的温度灵敏度。我们表明，通过在由现成的低成本集总元件制成的PFD电路中包括陶瓷热敏电阻，触发次谐波振荡的最小PFD输入功率（Pth）开始取决于T。这种未开发的功能使所产生的PFD输出功率，在一半的驱动频率，表现出相对于T的记录高灵敏度，大大超过了最大的一个可达到的操作相同的热敏电阻在传统的读出电路。为了证明这种未报道的特殊操作功能，我们在印刷电路板（PCB）上构建了一个PFD原型，工作在886 MHz的输入频率（即443 MHz的输出频率），并在其网络中战略性地包括一个商业热敏电阻。尽管没有使用直流电源，但所构建系统的输出功率显示出创纪录的高灵敏度（高达2.5dB/°C），从而为实现从智能制造到环境和农业监测等各种应用的低成本无芯片温度传感器提供了令人兴奋的机会。
In this work, we present a new passive and batteryless temperature (T ) sensor, leveraging the unique dynamics of a varactor-based parametric frequency divider (PFD) to boost, by orders of magnitude, the temperature sensitivity attained by commercial and low-cost temperature sensitive components. We show that by including a ceramic thermistor in a PFD circuit made of off-the-shelf low-cost lumped components, the minimum PFD input power (Pth) triggering a sub-harmonic oscillation starts to depend on T . Such unexplored feature makes the generated PFD output power, at half of the driving frequency, exhibit a record-high sensitivity with respect to T that largely surpasses the maximum one attainable by operating the same thermistor in conventional read-out circuits. In order to demonstrate this unreported special operational feature, we built a PFD prototype on a Printed-Circuit-Board (PCB), operating at an input frequency of 886MHz (i.e. an output frequency of 443MHz) and strategically including a commercial thermistor in its network. Despite the fact that no supplied DC power was used, the output power of the built system showed a record-high sensitivity (up to 2.5dB/°C), thus offering exciting opportunities to attain low-cost chip-less temperature sensors for a variety of applications, ranging from smart manufacturing to environmental and agriculture monitoring.