GENDER DIFFERENCES IN MULTIPLE-CHOICE TESTS - THE ROLE OF DIFFERENTIAL GUESSING TENDENCIES
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN MULTIPLE-CHOICE TESTS - THE ROLE OF DIFFERENTIAL GUESSING TENDENCIES
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1745-3984.1991.tb00341.x
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发表时间：
1991-03-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
SINAI, Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BENSHAKHAR, G;SINAI, Y
本研究的重点是在多项选择题测试中省略项目和猜测的倾向的性别差异。据推测，男性会表现出更大的猜测倾向比女性和使用公式评分，而不是使用正确答案的数量将导致女性的相对优势。调查了两个样本：九年级学生和以色列大学的申请者。青少年参加了一组五、六次能力倾向测试，这些测试是用来安排他们进入不同的高中的，成年人参加了一组五次测试，这些测试是为了选拔候选人进入以色列大学的各个院系。结果显示，男性在这两个电池的大多数子测试中具有明显的优势。每个子测验计算了四个项目遗漏倾向的指标，两组中大多数子测验的所有指标都显示出女性遗漏率较高的一致模式。即使在少数没有显示男性优越性的子测试中，甚至在使用许可指令时，也观察到这种模式。在所有情况下，纠正猜测的原始分数都会降低男性的优势（在少数显示女性优势的子测试中，这种纠正的结果会增加差异），但这种影响很小。得出的结论是，虽然猜测倾向的性别差异是强大的，但它们只占多项选择测试中观察到的性别差异的一小部分。讨论的结果，侧重于实际影响。
The present study focused on gender differences in the tendency to omit items and to guess in multiple‐choice tests. It was hypothesized that males would show greater guessing tendencies than females and that the use of formula scoring rather than the use of number of correct answers would result in a relative advantage for females. Two samples were examined: ninth graders and applicants to Israeli universities. The teenagers took a battery of five or six aptitude tests used to place them in various high schools, and the adults took a battery of five tests designed to select candidates to the various faculties of the Israeli universities. The results revealed a clear male advantage in most subtests of both batteries. Four measures of item‐omission tendencies were computed for each subtest, and a consistent pattern of greater omission rates among females was revealed by all measures in most subtests of the two batteries. This pattern was observed even in the few subtests that did not show male superiority and even when permissive instructions were used. Correcting the raw scores for guessing reduced the male advantage in all cases (and in the few subtests that showed female advantage the difference increased as a result of this correction), but this effect was small. It was concluded that although gender differences in guessing tendencies are robust they account for only a small fraction of the observed gender differences in multiple‐choice tests. The results were discussed, focusing on practical implications.