THE INFLUENCE OF GONADAL HORMONES ON CONDITIONED FEAR EXTINCTION IN HEALTHY HUMANS
THE INFLUENCE OF GONADAL HORMONES ON CONDITIONED FEAR EXTINCTION IN HEALTHY HUMANS
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.04.030
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发表时间：
2010-07-14
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Goldstein, J. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Milad, M. R.;Zeidan, M. A.;Goldstein, J. M.
最近的啮齿动物研究表明，性腺激素影响条件性恐惧的消退。在这里，我们研究了性别差异，以及雌二醇和黄体酮对健康人类恐惧消退的影响。男性和女性经历了为期两天的范式，其中第一天进行恐惧条件反射和消退学习，第二天测试消退回忆。视觉线索作为条件刺激，轻微电击作为非条件刺激。在整个实验过程中记录皮肤电导并用于测量条件反应（CRs）。研究人员采集了所有女性的血液样本来测量雌二醇和黄体酮的水平。我们发现，在灭绝学习过程中，较高的雌二醇水平增强了随后的灭绝记忆，但对恐惧习得或灭绝学习本身没有影响。性别差异仅在习得过程中观察到，男性表现出明显更高的cr。在将女性分为低雌二醇组和高雌二醇组后，男性和高雌二醇组的女性表现出相当的灭绝记忆，而且这两组都比低雌二醇组的女性表现出更高的灭绝记忆。因此，只有在考虑了女性的雌二醇水平后，灭绝记忆中的性别差异才会出现。较低的雌二醇可能会损害女性的消退巩固。这些发现可能在通过认知和行为疗法治疗焦虑症方面具有实际应用价值。(c) 2010 ibro。Elsevier Ltd.出版。版权所有。
Recent rodent studies suggest that gonadal hormones influence extinction of conditioned fear. Here we investigated sex differences in, and the influence of estradiol and progesterone on, fear extinction in healthy humans. Men and women underwent a two-day paradigm in which fear conditioning and extinction learning took place on day 1 and extinction recall was tested on day 2. Visual cues were used as the conditioned stimuli and a mild electric shock was used as the unconditioned stimulus. Skin conductance was recorded throughout the experiment and used to measure conditioned responses (CRs). Blood samples were obtained from all women to measure estradiol and progesterone levels. We found that higher estradiol during extinction learning enhanced subsequent extinction recall but had no effects on fear acquisition or extinction learning itself. Sex differences were only observed during acquisition, with men exhibiting significantly higher CRs. After dividing women into low- and high-estradiol groups, men showed comparable extinction recall to high-estradiol women, and both of these groups showed higher extinction recall than low-estradiol women. Therefore, sex differences in extinction memory emerged only after taking into account women's estradiol levels. Lower estradiol may impair extinction consolidation in women. These findings could have practical applications in the treatment of anxiety disorders through cognitive and behavioral therapies. (C) 2010 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.