Three Small-Receptive-Field Ganglion Cells in the Mouse Retina Are Distinctly Tuned to Size, Speed, and Object Motion
Three Small-Receptive-Field Ganglion Cells in the Mouse Retina Are Distinctly Tuned to Size, Speed, and Object Motion
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2804-16.2017
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发表时间：
2017-01-18
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Schwartz, Gregory W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jacoby, Jason;Schwartz, Gregory W.
视网膜神经节细胞 (RGC) 通常根据其从视觉场景中提取和传递特定特征的能力分为功能类型，例如辨别局部或全局运动、运动方向、刺激方向、对比度或均匀性或大或小物体的存在的能力。在这里，我们介绍了三种以前未表征的、非方向选择性的开-关 RGC 类型，它们代表了小鼠视网膜中一组不同的特征检测器。三个高清 (HD) RGC 具有较小的感受野中心和较强的环绕抑制。它们选择性地对特定尺寸、速度和运动类型的物体做出反应。我们提出了 HD RGC 的全面形态学特征及其光响应的生理记录、感受野大小和结构以及周围抑制的突触机制。我们还探讨了 HD RGC 与具有相对较小感受野的特征明确的 RGC（局部边缘检测器）之间的异同，以响应移动物体和纹理。我们对每种 RGC 类型的群体进行建模，以研究它们在跟踪移动物体的性能方面有何不同。这些结果除了介绍了三种新的 RGC 类型（它们共同构成了小鼠 RGC 的很大一部分）之外，还提供了对不同电路在塑造 RGC 感受野中的作用的见解，并为继续研究周围抑制机制和运动检测的神经基础奠定了基础。
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are frequently divided into functional types by their ability to extract and relay specific features from a visual scene, such as the capacity to discern local or global motion, direction of motion, stimulus orientation, contrast or uniformity, or the presence of large or small objects. Here we introduce three previously uncharacterized, nondirection-selective ON-OFF RGC types that represent a distinct set of feature detectors in the mouse retina. The three high-definition (HD) RGCs possess small receptive-field centers and strong surround suppression. They respond selectively to objects of specific sizes, speeds, and types of motion. We present comprehensive morphological characterization of the HD RGCs and physiological recordings of their light responses, receptive-field size and structure, and synaptic mechanisms of surround suppression. We also explore the similarities and differences between the HD RGCs and a well characterized RGC with a comparably small receptive field, the local edge detector, in response to moving objects and textures. We model populations of each RGC type to study how they differ in their performance tracking a moving object. These results, besides introducing three new RGC types that together constitute a substantial fraction of mouse RGCs, provide insights into the role of different circuits in shaping RGC receptive fields and establish a foundation for continued study of the mechanisms of surround suppression and the neural basis of motion detection.