Studies on the empty husks (Shiina) in rice plant. : III. The effect of the phosphorous fertilizer on the occurrence of empty husks.
Studies on the empty husks (Shiina) in rice plant. : III. The effect of the phosphorous fertilizer on the occurrence of empty husks.
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水稻空壳（椎名）的研究。
DOI：
10.1626/jcs.19.14
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发表时间：
1950
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Nagato
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Nagato
本试验按表1施用磷肥，考察磷对水稻植株空壳发生的影响，结果总结如下： -（1）一般来说，磷肥施用量多、施肥时间早，抽穗期早，空壳率少，单株成熟粒数多。 (2)生长初期不施磷肥或少量施磷肥，至8月初补施磷肥，因秆花增多，单株成熟粒数增加。 (3)8月中旬以后追施磷肥，单株成熟粒数几乎没有增加，但在开花期前后花功能开始活跃，空壳率降低。此时，如果此时植物缺磷，虽然成熟时间明显推迟，但成熟粒数增加；如果磷肥施用过多，则植物的生命机能受到干扰，空壳率增加。 (4)在日照有限的情况下，花序上的空壳增多（作者正式报道），但在磷供应有限的情况下，无论是旺盛的花还是弱花，空壳都增加，因此缺磷导致的花功能下降似乎更为强烈和根本。 (5)棉花花减数分裂和受精后日吸收磷量显着增加。 （Biddulph，1945），在水稻植物中，当它们在抽穗期或抽穗期前后需要磷时，磷会从叶和茎中转移到籽粒中，然后叶和茎中磷的浓度就会降低。从这些事实来看，磷似乎对空壳的出现有影响，因为它在花粉和卵细胞的正常发育以及受精过程中发挥着重要作用。然而，植物生理活性的增强、其他营养元素吸收的增加以及植物组织中各种元素浓度的变化可能会伴随着磷的供应，这些都可能对空壳的发生产生或多或少的影响。因此，在本实验中很难讨论磷本身或与磷供应有关的其他各种因素哪个是空壳发生的更重要因素。
In this experiment, phosphorous fertilizer was supplied as shown in table 1 to examine the influence of phosphorus on the occurrence of empty husks in rice plants, and the results are summerized as follows: - (1) Generally speaking, when phosphorous fertilizer was supplied more and the manuring time was earlier, the heading time was earlier, the percentage of empty husks was less and number of matured grains per plant was more numerous. (2) When the phosphorous fertilizer was supplied no or a little in early stage of growth then was complemented until early August, number of matured grains per plant increased on account of increase of culms and flowers. (3) When phosphorous fertilizer was supplied after middle August, number of matured grains per plant hardly increased but the function of flower became active at the flowering time or thereabout, and the percentage of empty husks became lower. In this case, if the plant was very want of phosphorus until this time, matured grains increased though the maturing time was obviously delaied, and if phosphorous fertilizer was supplied too much, the vital function of plant was disturbed and percentage of empty husks increased. (4) Under condition of restricted sunshine, empty husks increased in weaker frowers on panicle (formaly reported by auther), but under condition of restricted phosphorous supply, empty husks increased in vigorous flowers as well as in weaker flowers, therefore the decline of the function of flowers owing to phosphorous deficiency should seem to be more strong and fundamental. (5) In cotton flowers, the amount of daily absorption of phosphorus markedly increases after meiosis and fertilization. (Biddulph, 1945), and in rice plants, when they want of phosphorus at heading time or thereabout, phosphorus removes into kernels from leaves and stems then the concentration of phosphorus in leaves and stems decreases. From these facts, phosphorus seems to have influence upon the occurrence of empty husks in consequence of playing important part in the normal development of pollen and egg cell and in proceeding of fertilization. Nevertheless, increase of physiological activity of plant, increment of absorption of other nutrient elements, and the variation of concentration of various elements in plant tissue may be attendant on the phosphorous supply, and these may have influence more or less on the occurrence of empty husks. Therefor it is difficult to discuss in this experiment which will be more important factor of the occurrence of empty husks phosphorus itself or other various facts attendant on the phosphorous supply.