Diffusiophoresis promotes phase separation and transport of biomolecular condensates.
Diffusiophoresis promotes phase separation and transport of biomolecular condensates.
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扩散电泳促进生物分子凝聚物的相分离和传输。
DOI：
10.1101/2023.07.03.547532
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发表时间：
2024
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shin,Sangwoo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Doan,VietSang;Alshareedah,Ibraheem;Singh,Anurag;Banerjee,PriyaR;Shin,Sangwoo
活细胞的内部微环境是异质的，包括大量具有不同生物化学的细胞器。其中包括生物分子凝聚物，它们是无膜的、相分离的隔室，富含系统特异性蛋白质和核酸。细胞的异质性导致了化学、电荷、浓度、温度和压力的多个时空梯度的存在。这种热力学梯度可导致用于生物分子凝聚物的形成和运输的非平衡驱动力。在这里，我们报告离子梯度如何影响生物分子凝聚物的传输过程中的介观尺度和生物分子的微观尺度。利用微流控平台，我们证明了离子浓度梯度的存在可以加速生物分子，包括核酸和蛋白质，通过扩散电泳的运输。这种流体动力学运输过程允许生物分子的局部富集，从而通过相分离促进生物分子缩合物的位置特异性形成。离子梯度进一步赋予冷凝物定向运动性，使它们沿着梯度表现出增强的扩散。再加上一个重入相行为，梯度诱导增强运动导致动态重新分配的冷凝物，最终延长其寿命。总之，我们的研究结果表明扩散电泳作为一种非平衡热力学力，支配生物分子凝聚物的形成和运输。
The internal microenvironment of a living cell is heterogeneous and comprises a multitude of organelles with distinct biochemistry. Amongst them are biomolecular condensates, which are membrane-less, phase-separated compartments enriched in system-specific proteins and nucleic acids. The heterogeneity of the cell engenders the presence of multiple spatiotemporal gradients in chemistry, charge, concentration, temperature, and pressure. Such thermodynamic gradients can lead to non-equilibrium driving forces for the formation and transport of biomolecular condensates. Here, we report how ion gradients impact the transport processes of biomolecular condensates on the mesoscale and biomolecules on the microscale. Utilizing a microfluidic platform, we demonstrate that the presence of ion concentration gradients can accelerate the transport of biomolecules, including nucleic acids and proteins, via diffusiophoresis. This hydrodynamic transport process allows localized enrichment of biomolecules, thereby promoting the location-specific formation of biomolecular condensates via phase separation. The ion gradients further impart directional motility of condensates, allowing them to exhibit enhanced diffusion along the gradient. Coupled with a reentrant phase behavior, the gradient-induced enhanced motility leads to a dynamical redistribution of condensates that ultimately extends their lifetime. Together, our results demonstrate diffusiophoresis as a non-equilibrium thermodynamic force that governs the formation and transport of biomolecular condensates.