Run-time Energy Management for Intermittent LoRaWAN Communications

Run-time Energy Management for Intermittent LoRaWAN Communications
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间歇性 LoRaWAN 通信的运行时能源管理

DOI:
10.1145/3628353.3628541
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Mileiko S
Mileiko S
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
Mileiko S

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LoRaWAN是建立在LoRa调制之上的MAC层协议,采用自适应数据速率(ADR),根据信噪比(SNR)等信号质量指标动态调整扩频因子(SF)、发射功率、带宽等参数,对通信进行优化。然而,由于能量收集(EH)物联网设备仅在间歇性能源可用的时间间隔上运行,因此通用ADR机制必须具有能量感知能力,以允许LoRaWAN在能量限制下运行。这必然会带来重大挑战,例如在停电期间保存关键系统信息,以及在运行时管理不同的能源需求。为了解决这些挑战,本文介绍了一种能量管理单元(EMU),该单元基于收集的能量满足ADR要求,同时在没有电源可用时通过微控制器单元(MCU)保留关键信息。提出的动车组动态选择储能大小和工作电压(指多个工作点),以提供每个任务所需的能量,例如在ADR要求的SF处进行LoRa传输。考虑到物联网设备的不同需求,与使用一个大存储来完成所有任务的传统方式相比,这种多操作点方法避免了启动时间的延长,因此近似于电池供电系统的操作。实验结果表明,所提出的设计可以保留动车组的工作点,并通过在运行时管理可用能量来实现LoRaWAN的间歇通信。
LoRaWAN, the MAC layer protocol built on top of LoRa modulation, adopts Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) to optimize communications by dynamically adjusting parameters like spreading factor (SF), transmitting power, and bandwidth based on signal quality metrics, e.g., signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, since energy harvesting (EH) IoT devices function only on the intervals of intermittent energy availability, the generic ADR mechanism has to be energy-aware to allow LoRaWAN operation under energy constraints. This expectedly introduces major challenges, such as preserving critical system information during power outages and managing the varying energy needs at run-time. To address these challenges, this paper introduces an energy management unit (EMU) meeting the ADR requirements based on the harvested energy whilst retaining critical information through the microcontroller unit (MCU) when no power is available. The proposed EMU dynamically selects the energy storage size and the operating voltage, which refers to the multiple operating points, to provide the amount of energy required for each task, e.g., LoRa transmission at the SF requested by the ADR. Considering the varying needs of IoT devices, this multiple operating points approach, compared to the conventional way of using one big storage for all tasks, avoids lengthened start-ups, and therefore approximates the operation to a battery-powered system. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed design can retain the EMU operating points and enable intermittent LoRaWAN communications by managing the available energy at run-time.
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