Impact of air emissions from shipping on marine phytoplankton growth
Impact of air emissions from shipping on marine phytoplankton growth
复制标题
航运废气排放对海洋浮游植物生长的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145488
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Gao Huiwang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang Chao;Shi Zongbo;Zhao Junri;Zhang Yan;Yu Yang;Mu Yingchun;Yao Xiaohong;Feng Limin;Zhang Fan;Chen Yingjun;Liu Xiaohuan;Shi Jinhui;Gao Huiwang
随着海上交通的迅速扩张，航运产生的空气排放的增加加剧了许多环境问题，包括空气污染和气候变化。然而，人们对这种排放物对海洋生物地球化学的影响仍然知之甚少。本文利用船上排放测试系统收集了一艘重油动力船的船舶排放颗粒（SEPs），并研究了SEPs对西北太平洋（NWPO）浮游植物生长的影响。在不同营养状态的海洋区域进行的SEP微观实验中，浮游植物对SEP的响应，如叶绿素（Chla）所示，随着基线海水中SEP衍生的氮(N)相对于N储量（PSN）的比例增加，表明SEP通常通过施氮促进浮游植物生长。利用空气质量模型结合船舶排放清单进行的模拟进一步表明，来自船舶的氧化N （NOx）排放贡献了NWPO大气N沉积通量的约43%。船舶排放的空气（如nox和二氧化硫）也间接增强了大气中存在的还原性氮的沉积，占大气氮沉积通量的约15%。这些结果表明，在西北西北海区，航空船舶排放对大气氮沉降的影响与陆地排放的影响相当。基于模拟结果和World Ocean Atlas 2013营养物数据集计算的船舶诱发的表层海水PSNin，以及微观实验获得的chlain和psnoin之间的定量关系，我们发现NWPO海域，特别是黄海沿岸和公海，由于海洋交通引起的N沉积，表层氯浓度发生了显著变化。这项工作试图建立海洋生产力与航运产生的空气排放之间的直接联系。
With the rapid expansion of maritime traffic, increases in air emissions from shipping have exacerbated numerous environmental issues, including air pollution and climate change. However, the effects of such emissions on marine biogeochemistry remain poorly understood. Here, we collected ship-emitted particles (SEPs) from the stack of a heavy-oil-powered vessel using an onboard emission test system and investigated the impact of SEPs on phytoplankton growth over the northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO). In SEP microcosm experiments conducted in oceanic zones with different trophic statuses, the phytoplankton response, as indicated by chlorophylla(Chla), has been shown to increase with the proportion of SEP-derived nitrogen (N) relative to N stocks (PSN) in baseline seawater, suggesting that SEPs generally promote phytoplankton growth via N fertilisation. Simulations using an air quality model combined with a ship emission inventory further showed that oxidised N (NOx) emissions from shipping contributed ~43% of the atmospheric N deposition flux in the NWPO. Air emissions from shipping (e.g. NOxand sulphur dioxide) also indirectly enhanced the deposition of reduced N that existed in the atmosphere, constituting ~15% of the atmospheric N deposition flux. These results suggest that the impact of airborne ship emissions on atmospheric N deposition is comparable to that of land-based emissions in the NWPO. Based on the ship-induced PSNin surface seawater calculated by modeling results and World Ocean Atlas 2013 nutrient dataset, and the well-established quantitative relationship between Chlaand PSNobtained from microcosm experiments, we found a noticeable change in surface Chlaconcentrations due to N deposition derived from marine traffic in the NWPO, particularly in the coastal waters of the Yellow Sea and open oceans. This work attempts to establish a direct link between marine productivity and air emissions from shipping.