Functional significance of GnRH and kisspeptin, and their cognate receptors in teleost reproduction.
Functional significance of GnRH and kisspeptin, and their cognate receptors in teleost reproduction.
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DOI：
10.3389/fendo.2013.00024
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Parhar IS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gopurappilly R;Ogawa S;Parhar IS
鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白（G蛋白）偶联受体（GPCR）是存在于所有生物体中的真核跨膜蛋白。它们的多功能性和在几个生理过程中的作用使它们成为最大的药物靶标家族。使用各种模式生物的比较基因组研究提供了有关靶受体的有用信息。硬骨鱼类与人类和其他脊椎动物的遗传组成相似，这与GPCR的研究相一致。促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）通过其同源GnRH受体（GnRHRs）代表生殖过程中的关键步骤。Kisspeptin（Kiss 1）及其同源GPCR，GPR 54（=Kisspeptin receptor，Kiss-R），最近被鉴定为生殖调控的关键信号系统。Kiss 1/Kiss-R系统调节GnRH释放，这对青春期发育和脊椎动物生殖至关重要。本文综述了kisspeptin-Kiss-R信号通过调节GnRH释放在硬骨鱼生殖神经内分泌轴中的生理作用。此外，我们还回顾了GnRHR和Kiss-R的结构变体，信号传导机制，配体相互作用和功能意义方面的最新进展。最后，我们讨论了最近的进展，确定许多硬骨鱼GnRH-GnRHR和kisspeptin-Kiss-R系统，并考虑其在生殖控制的生理意义。
Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are eukaryotic transmembrane proteins found in all living organisms. Their versatility and roles in several physiological processes make them the single largest family of drug targets. Comparative genomic studies using various model organisms have provided useful information about target receptors. The similarity of the genetic makeup of teleosts to that of humans and other vertebrates aligns with the study of GPCRs. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) represents a critical step in the reproductive process through its cognate GnRH receptors (GnRHRs). Kisspeptin (Kiss1) and its cognate GPCR, GPR54 (=kisspeptin receptor, Kiss-R), have recently been identified as a critical signaling system in the control of reproduction. The Kiss1/Kiss-R system regulates GnRH release, which is vital to pubertal development and vertebrate reproduction. This review highlights the physiological role of kisspeptin-Kiss-R signaling in the reproductive neuroendocrine axis in teleosts through the modulation of GnRH release. Moreover, we also review the recent developments in GnRHR and Kiss-R with respect to their structural variants, signaling mechanisms, ligand interactions, and functional significance. Finally, we discuss the recent progress in identifying many teleost GnRH-GnRHR and kisspeptin-Kiss-R systems and consider their physiological significance in the control of reproduction.