Photogrammetric avalanche volume measurements at Vallée de la Sionne, Switzerland
Photogrammetric avalanche volume measurements at Vallée de la Sionne, Switzerland
复制标题
瑞士 Vallée de la Sionne 的摄影测量雪崩体积测量
作者：
J. Vallet;U. Gruber;F. Dufour
摘要1999年冬季，在瑞士瓦莱州vallsamade de la Sionne的SLF雪崩试验场，发生了三起由炸药引发的大型雪崩事件。这些大规模野外实验的一个重要目标是通过摄影测量方法测量雪崩的释放和沉积量。本文对三次雪崩的摄影测量结果进行了综述。对于一次雪崩事件，可以按计划完成整个测量过程，并获得雪崩触发前后的体积测量。在另外两次雪崩事件中，雪崩触发前的照片失败。然而，雪崩后拍摄的照片提供了有关断裂线处断裂深度的宝贵信息。最大雪崩的平均断裂深度约为2.10 m，宽度约为1000 m，变化在1 ~ 3.5 m之间。三次雪崩事件的沉积总量约为1300 000 m3。矿床分布长度约为1000米，深度可达30米。释放量和沉积量之间的差异证明雪崩沿着雪崩轨迹携带了大量的雪。此外，沉积带的雪分布提供了关于跳动带密集流动雪崩行为的重要信息。
Abstract During winter 1999 three large avalanche events were triggered by explosives at SLF’s avalanche test site, Vallée de la Sionne, canton Valais, Switzerland. One important goal of these large-scale field experiments was to measure the release and deposition volumes of avalanches by photogrammetric methods. In this paper, the photogrammetric measurements of all three avalanches are summarized. For one avalanche event it was possible to realize the whole measuring procedure as planned, and to obtain volume measurements before and after the avalanche triggering In the other two avalanche events, the photographs before the triggering of the avalanche failed. Nevertheless the photographs taken after the avalanche provide valuable information on the fracture depth at the fracture line. The mean fracture depth of the largest avalanche was about 2.10 m, varying between 1 and 3.5 m over a width of > 1000 m. The total volume of the deposition of all three avalanche events was about 1300 000 m3. The deposits are distributed over a length of > 1000 m with depths up to 30 m. The difference between the released and deposited volumes proved that avalanches entrain a large amount of snow along the avalanche track. Furthermore, the snow distribution in the deposition zone provides important information about the behaviour of a dense flowing avalanche in the runout zone.