Measuring food insecurity and hunger in the United States: Development of a national benchmark measure and prevalence estimates
Measuring food insecurity and hunger in the United States: Development of a national benchmark measure and prevalence estimates
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/129.2.510s
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发表时间：
1999-02-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Bickel, GW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carlson, SJ;Andrews, MS;Bickel, GW
自1992年以来，美国农业部食品和营养服务局（FNS）一直在共同努力，制定一个全面的基准措施，衡量美国粮食不安全和饥饿的严重程度和普遍程度。根据先前的研究和广泛的咨询，设计和测试了一个专门针对美国情况的调查工具。通过其当前人口调查（CPS），美国人口普查局自1995年以来每年都使用这一工具。通过对Rasch量表的拟合、检验和验证，从数据中推导出测量量表。一维Rasch模型对应于被测量的现象的形式，即，由于美国家庭直接经历和报告的资源不足而导致的食物不足的严重程度。构建了一个反映量表上指定严重程度范围的分类测量值，用于随时间推移和跨人群对患病率估计值进行一致比较。1997年9月报告了新措施的技术基础和初步结果。在截至1995年4月的12个月里，估计有11.9%的美国家庭（3500万人）粮食不安全。其中，4.1%的家庭（690万成年人和430万儿童）在这一期间的某个时候由于一个或多个成年人和/或儿童成员的资源不足而经常出现饥饿。这项新措施已被纳入其他联邦调查，并被美国和加拿大的研究人员使用。
Since 1992, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) has led a collaborative effort to develop a comprehensive benchmark measure of the severity and prevalence of food insecurity and hunger in the United States. Based on prior research and wide consultation, a survey instrument specifically relevant to U.S. conditions was designed and tested. Through its Current Population Survey (CPS), the U.S. Bureau of the Census has fielded this instrument each year since 1995. A measurement scale was derived from the data through fitting, testing and validating a Rasch scale. The unidimensional Rasch model corresponds to the form of the phenomenon being measured, i.e., the severity of food insufficiency due to inadequate resources as directly experienced and reported in U.S. households. A categorical measure reflecting designated ranges of severity on the scale was constructed for consistent comparison of prevalence estimates over time and across population groups. The technical basis and initial results of the new measure were reported in September 1997. For the 12 months ending April 1995, an estimated 11.9% of U.S. households (35 million persons) were food insecure. Among these, 4.1% of households (with 6.9 million adults and 4.3 million children) showed a recurring pattern of hunger due to inadequate resources for one or more of their adult and/or child members sometime during the period. The new measure has been incorporated into other federal surveys and is being used by researchers throughout the U.S. and Canada.