Preference reversal: Analysis using construal level theory that incorporates discounting
Preference reversal: Analysis using construal level theory that incorporates discounting
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偏好逆转：使用包含折扣的解释水平理论进行分析
DOI：
10.1016/j.jocm.2022.100384
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Makoto Abe and Mitsuru Kaneko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
斧出節子;黒木淳・廣瀬喜貴;髙田知実;Guillermina Jasso and Yoshimichi Sato;Makoto Abe and Mitsuru Kaneko
根据行为决策理论，时间折现经常被用来解释偏好逆转。然而，贴现理论无法解释某些类型的偏好逆转。此外，偏好逆转仅限于沿着时间轴（即时间距离）的那些。本研究将行为决策理论中的时间折现概念与社会心理学中的解释水平理论相结合，构建了一个分析框架，以扩展我们对不同选择情境下偏好逆转的认识。我们提出了三个关于折现的命题：幅度效应（解释水平越高，折现率越小）、符号效应（损失的折现率比收益的折现率小）和距离泛化（折现不仅适用于时间距离，也适用于社会距离等心理距离）。这些命题在两项研究中得到了证实。在研究1中，我们使用两个受访者样本（即学生和网络面板）进行了一系列关于彩票选择任务的三个实验。在研究2中，我们通过使用多个跨期选择任务来估计较高和较低解释水平的贴现率。虽然许多选择涉及属性之间的权衡，但心理距离变化的影响尚不清楚。然而，通过确定这些属性是否会引起高或低的解释水平，以及这些方面是否与收益或损失有关，我们的方法极大地促进了评估和偏好如何受到心理距离的影响，从而促进了偏好逆转行为的分析。
According to the behavioral decision theory, time discounting is often used to explain preference reversals. However, the discounting theory fails to explain some types of preference reversals. Furthermore, preference reversals are limited to those along the time axis (i.e., temporal distance). To extend our knowledge of preference reversals in various choice contexts, this study constructs an analytical framework that combines the time discounting notion of behavioral decision theory and construal level theory developed in social psychology. We put forward three propositions for discounting: magnitude effect (the higher the construal level, the smaller the discounting rate), sign effect (the discounting rate is smaller for losses than for gains), and generalization of distance (discounting applies not only to temporal distance but also to psychological distances such as social distance). These propositions were validated in two studies. In Study 1, we conducted a series of three experiments on a lottery choice task using two samples of respondents (i.e., students and a web panel). In Study 2, we estimated the discounting rates of the higher and lower construal levels by employing multiple intertemporal choice tasks. While many choices involve trade-offs among attributes, the effects of changes in psychological distances are not clear. However, by identifying whether these attributes evoke high or low construal levels and whether the aspects are related to gains or losses, our approach greatly facilitates the analysis of how evaluation and preference are affected by psychological distance, and consequently, that of preference reversal behavior.