Three hundred years of low non-paternity in a human population
Three hundred years of low non-paternity in a human population
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DOI：
10.1038/hdy.2015.36
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Erasmus, J. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greeff, J. M.;Erasmus, J. C.
当绿帽子频繁出现时，我们可以预期父亲们会拒绝为可能不是自己的孩子投资。人类的父系投资可能是巨大的，这与成千上万的观点一致，这些观点表明，绿帽子在人类中是罕见的。这种说法的普遍性似乎受到质疑，因为不同人群的绿帽子率各不相同，而且研究主要是针对西方人群。另外两个因素使我们的结论复杂化，(1)目前对人类绿帽子率的估计可能不能反映我们过去的行为，因为通奸可以通过使用避孕措施来掩盖；(2)很难获得关于父权确定性的随机样本。将家谱与y染色体单倍型相结合的研究可以通过探究人类的历史行为来规避这些问题。在这里，我们使用这种方法调查了在330年的时间里，在南非的23个阿非利卡人家庭的1273个概念。我们使用单倍型频率和多样性以及聚代模拟来显示男性种群没有经历严重的瓶颈，并且该种群的父系排斥率很高。西方人口中的绿帽子率为0.9%(95%置信区间为0.4-1.5%)，我们认为，根据历史人口的当前数据，我们必须得出结论，至少对于西方人口，绿帽子率可能在1%的范围内。
When cuckoldry is frequent we can expect fathers to withhold investment in offspring that may not be theirs. Human paternal investment can be substantial and is in line with observations from tens of thousands of conceptions that suggest that cuckoldry is rare in humans. The generality of this claim seems to be in question as the rate of cuckoldry varies across populations and studies have mostly been on Western populations. Two additional factors complicate our conclusions, (1) current estimates of the rate of cuckoldry in humans may not reflect our past behaviour as adultery can be concealed by the use of contraceptives; and (2) it is difficult to obtain samples that are random with respect to their paternity certainty. Studies that combine genealogies with Y-chromosome haplotyping are able to circumvent some of these problems by probing into humans' historical behaviour. Here we use this approach to investigate 1273 conceptions over a period of 330 years in 23 families of the Afrikaner population in South Africa. We use haplotype frequency and diversity and coalescent simulations to show that the male population did not undergo a severe bottleneck and that paternity exclusion rates are high for this population. The rate of cuckoldry in this Western population was 0.9% (95% confidence interval 0.4-1.5%), and we argue that given the current data on historical populations we have to conclude that, at least for Western human populations, cuckoldry rate is probably in the range of 1%.