STRATEGIES FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL IMMUNOASSAY
STRATEGIES FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL IMMUNOASSAY
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DOI：
10.1021/ac00289a804
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
HALSALL, HB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HEINEMAN, WR;HALSALL, HB
选择性是分析化学中一个极其重要的问题，特别是在低检测限时，潜在的干扰物可能以远高于目标分析物的浓度存在。在过去的几十年里，通过仪器技术的发展，在选择性方面取得了显著的进展。在痕量水平上提供优异选择性的广泛使用的技术的突出例子是有机化合物的气相色谱法、质谱法和液相色谱法以及金属的等离子体发射光谱法。在这种强有力的仪器技术发展之前，选择性通常是通过选择性化学反应来实现的。例如，大量文献致力于研究配体与金属的络合作用，这些配体可用作选择性滴定剂、发色团或掩蔽剂，用于测定金属离子。然而，这类化学反应提供的选择性通常是有限的，一种选择性极强的多功能试剂是以抗体Ab的形式自然提供的。作为动物免疫防御系统的一部分，具有高特异性的抗体可以在注射称为抗原Ag（I）的外来物种的数周内由生物体以合理的数量合成。生物体识别“非我”的存在并迅速作出反应的能力，
A problem of paramount impor-tance to analytical chemistry is selec-tivity, particularly at lowdetection limits where potential interferents might be present at substantially higher concentrations than the ana-lyte (s) of interest. Remarkable prog-ress in selectivity has been achieved over the past decades through the de-velopment of instrumental techniques. Striking examples of widely used techniques that provide excellent selectiv-ity at the trace level are gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography for organic compounds and plasma emission spec-troscopy for metals. Prior to the devel-opment of such powerful instrumental techniques, selectivity was generally achieved by means of selective chemi-cal reactions. For example, a large body of literature is devoted to the study of metal compiexation by lig-ands that can be used as selective titrants, chromophores, or masking agents for the determination of metal ions. However, theselectivity provid-ed by chemical reactions of this type is generally limited.An extraordinarily selective and versatile reagent is provided by nature in the form of the antibody, Ab. As a part of the immune defense system in animals, antibodies with high specific-ity can be synthesized by an organism in reasonable quantity within weeks of injecting a foreign species called an antigen, Ag (I). The ability of organisms to recognize the presence of “nonself’andto respond rapidly by