Correlation of cold-weather tolerance with pubescence color and flowering time in yellow hilum soybeans in Hokkaido
Correlation of cold-weather tolerance with pubescence color and flowering time in yellow hilum soybeans in Hokkaido
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DOI：
10.1270/jsbbs.54.303
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发表时间：
2004-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Matsukawa, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kurosaki, H;Yumoto, S;Matsukawa, I
棕门大豆的耐寒性和生长活力往往优于黄门大豆。然而，日本消费者并不喜欢褐门大豆。利用近等基因系（NILs）研究了植物耐冷性与短柔毛颜色和开花时间的相关性。前者是控制门部颜色的基因之一，后者是与生长活力有关的基因之一。首先，在不同温度条件下，对黄脐大豆短柔毛颜色（茶色T和灰色T）的NILs进行了培养，并对其生长和种子产量进行了研究。在北海道东部温暖地区，茶色系和灰色系的种子产量差异不显著，但在寒冷地区，茶色系的种子产量显著高于灰色系。在较冷地区，黄褐色系的花期干物质产量也高于灰色系。然后，以短柔毛色（T/ T）和开花时间（E1/ E1）、te、te、te为组合，研究了冷却处理对NILs荚果数和产量的影响。从花期开始冷却处理[4周，18℃/13℃（昼/夜）]，茶色系（Te）和晚花期灰系（Te）的豆荚数和种子产量略有降低，但早花期灰系（Te）的豆荚数和种子产量显著降低。然后将两个杂交组合的灰色短柔毛系分成早、中、晚花期组，进行低温处理。冷却处理对豆荚数和种子产量的降低率在开花早组最高（耐寒性最低），在开花晚组最低（耐寒性最高）。综上所述，选择黄褐色短柔毛和较晚开花期的黄门大豆有利于培育耐寒黄门大豆。
Brown-hilum soybeans often have cold-weather tolerance and growth vigor superior to that of yellow hilum soybeans. However, Japanese consumers do not prefer brown-hilum soybeans. In this paper, we investigated the correlation of cold-weather tolerance with pubescence color and flowering time using near-isogenic lines (NILs). The gene for the former is one of the genes, which controls hilum color and that for the latter is related to growth vigor. First, the NILs for pubescence color (tawny: T and gray: t) of yellow-hilum soybeans were grown under various temperature conditions, and their growth and seed yield were examined. There was no significant difference in the seed yield between tawny and gray lines in a warm region for eastern Hokkaido, but the seed yield in tawny lines was significantly higher than that in gray lines in cooler regions. And dry matter production at the flowering stage was also higher in tawny lines than in gray lines in cooler regions. Next, the effects of cooling treatment on the pod number and seed yield of the NILs for a combination of pubescence color (T/t) and flowering time (E1/e1), te, tE, Te and TE, were examined. The cooling treatment [four weeks, at 18degreesC/13degreesC (day/night)] from the beginning of flowering slightly reduced the pod number and seed yield in the tawny lines (Te, TE) and in the late-flowering gray line (tE), but greatly reduced them in the early flowering gray line (te). Then, gray pubescence lines were grouped into early, mid and late flowering groups from two crosses, and they were exposed to low temperature mentioned above. The rates of reduction in the pod number and seed yield by the cooling treatment were highest (cold-weather tolerance was lowest) in the earlier flowering group and lowest (cold-weather tolerance was highest) in the later flowering group. These results show that selecting yellow-hilum soybeans with tawny pubescence and with later flowering time are both useful for developing yellow-hilum soybeans with cold-weather tolerance.