Salience or Centrality: Why Do Some Features Influence Inductive Generalization More Than Others?
Salience or Centrality: Why Do Some Features Influence Inductive Generalization More Than Others?
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DOI：
10.1037/dev0000652
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Noles, Nicholaus S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Noles, Nicholaus S.
本研究探讨了特征显著性和特征中心性对4、5岁儿童和成人归纳推广的影响。最近的报告表明，通过让一个特征——特别是一个生物的头——移动来增强它的显著性，会改变儿童的归纳，使他们忽略标签，并做出与注意力捕捉提供的线索一致的推论（Deng & Sloutsky, 2012, 2013）。然而，先前的研究表明，头部是实体的特殊特征（Nelson, 2001; Quinn, Eimas, & Tarr, 2001），类别的某些特征比其他特征更能指导判断（Gelman & Wellman, 1991）。因此，不清楚特征显著性与特征中心性何时指导归纳推理。为了澄清这一点，在实验1中，儿童和成人被提出了集中特征中心性和显著性于同一特征（一个移动的头）的刺激，并被要求执行分类和归纳任务。在实验2中，参与者在被提供了不受这些影响的刺激（移动的手和静止的头）后完成了同样的任务。结果表明，特征中心性和特征显著性对儿童归纳推理的影响是可分离的。重要的是，头部对儿童的感应有很大的影响，无论他们是否在动。这一结果表明，先前的研究结果是由特征显著性和中心性相结合引起的，而不是由单独操纵特征显著性引起的。这些结果讨论了关于标签作为特征的辩论，并在更广泛的背景下，越来越多的心理物理性质的研究探索儿童的概念发展。
This study explores how feature salience and feature centrality influence inductive generalization in 4- and 5-year-old children and adults. Recent reports indicate that enhancing the salience of a feature-specifically, a creature's head-by making it move shifts children's inductions so that they ignore labels and make inferences that are consistent with cues provided by attentional capture (Deng & Sloutsky, 2012, 2013). However, prior research indicates that heads are special features of entities (Nelson, 2001; Quinn, Eimas, & Tarr, 2001) and that some features of categories guide judgments more than others (Gelman & Wellman, 1991). Thus, it is unclear when feature salience versus feature centrality guides inductive inferences. To clarify this, in Experiment 1, children and adults were presented with stimuli that focused both feature centrality and salience on the same feature (a moving head) and asked to perform classification and induction tasks. In Experiment 2, participants completed the same tasks after they were presented with stimuli that decoupled these effects (moving hands and static heads). These experiments revealed that both feature centrality and feature salience exercised separable influences on children's inductive inferences. Critically, heads powerfully influenced children's inductions, whether they were moving or not. This outcome suggests that prior findings were provoked by combining feature salience and centrality, and not elicited by manipulations of feature salience alone. These results are discussed with respect to the labels-as-features debate and in the broader context of the increasingly psychophysical nature of studies exploring children's conceptual development.