LOCAL AND GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION IN THE DEFENSIVE CHEMISTRY OF A WEST-INDIAN GORGONIAN CORAL (BRIAREUM-ASBESTINUM)
LOCAL AND GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION IN THE DEFENSIVE CHEMISTRY OF A WEST-INDIAN GORGONIAN CORAL (BRIAREUM-ASBESTINUM)
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DOI：
10.3354/meps093165
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发表时间：
1993-02-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
GREENE, CH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HARVELL, CD;FENICAL, W;GREENE, CH
我们采样的殖民地之间和栖息地之间的变化，防御化学的殖民地Briareum asbestinum，一个最普遍存在的和化学威慑的西印度柳珊瑚。威慑的基础似乎在于在单个菌落中发现的5至15种briarane和石棉二萜类化合物的多样性。整个巴哈马和维尔京群岛的菌落化学性质差异很大：巴哈马每个地点的化合物组成略有不同，巴哈马所有地点的菌落都与圣克鲁瓦（美属维尔京群岛）地点的菌落不同。圣克鲁瓦殖民地不仅在其组成的化合物不同，但也有较少的主要二萜类比殖民地从浅水网站在巴哈马群岛。浅圣克鲁瓦提取物的不同之处还在于主要是石棉，而不是像巴哈马那样的石南。在巴哈马群岛的两个岛屿圣萨尔瓦多和丘布礁附近的深度之间，菌落的化学性质也有所不同。在这两个网站，briarane到asbestinane二萜类化合物的比例较高，在浅（1至12米）的水殖民地比在更深的（25至40米）。为了确定不同深度之间化学性质的差异是否可以诱导或固定，将菌落从圣萨尔瓦多的浅礁移植到深礁。7个月后，从移植的殖民地新生长的组织仍然保留相同的浅水二萜。该实验表明，随着深度观察到的化学性质差异在成体菌落中是固定的。我们还从圣克鲁瓦和巴哈马群岛的殖民地中取样了数量变化。虽然我们预计在浅水区的殖民地，因为生产力和捕食者的数量都较高的沃茨，在这两个网站的化合物水平较高，在较深的沃茨。Briareum asbestinum是不寻常的是被大量投资与极其威慑二萜类化合物的多样性。这种化学防御系统的突出特点是来自不同栖息地的菌落化学性质的变化，这似乎是遗传固定的，提出了一个问题，即是什么选择剂维持了不同栖息地之间的化学变化。
We sampled the between-colony and between-habitat variation in defensive chemistry of colonies of Briareum asbestinum, one of the most ubiquitous and chemically deterrent of the West Indian gorgonians. The basis of deterrence appears to reside in a diverse complement of 5 to 15 briarane and asbestinane diterpenoids found in individual colonies. Variation in chemistry of colonies is extensive throughout the Bahamas and the Virgin Islands: the complement of compounds is slightly different at each site in the Bahamas and colonies from all the Bahamian sites are distinct from those at the St. Croix (US Virgin Islands) site. St. Croix colonies not only differ in their composition of compounds, but also have fewer major diterpenoids than colonies from shallow water sites in the Bahamas. The shallow St. Croix extracts also differ in being dominated by asbestinanes instead of briaranes as in the Bahamas. The qualitative chemistry of colonies also varies locally between depths near San Salvador and Chub Cay, 2 islands in the Bahamas. At both sites, the ratio of briarane to asbestinane diterpenoids was higher in shallow (1 to 12 m) water colonies than in deeper ones (25 to 40 m). To determine whether the qualitative differences in chemistry between depths could be induced or were fixed, colonies were transplanted from shallow to deep reefs in San Salvador. After 7 mo, newly grown tissue from transplanted colonies still retained the same shallow water diterpenes. This experiment suggests that the qualitative differences in chemistry observed with depth are fixed in adult colonies. We also sampled quantitative variation in colonies from St. Croix and the Bahamas. Although we expected higher levels of compounds in shallow colonies because both productivity and numbers of predators are higher in shallow waters, at both sites levels of compounds were higher in deeper waters. Briareum asbestinum is unusual in being heavily invested with a diversity of extremely deterrent diterpenoids. The outstanding feature of this chemical defense system is the qualitative variation in the chemistry of colonies from different habitats, which appears to be genetically fixed, raising the question of what selective agents maintain the variation in chemistry among different habitats.