Self-initiated encoding facilitates object working memory in schizophrenia: implications for the etiology of working memory deficit.
Self-initiated encoding facilitates object working memory in schizophrenia: implications for the etiology of working memory deficit.
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自我启动的编码促进精神分裂症的对象工作记忆：对工作记忆缺陷病因学的影响。
DOI：
10.1016/j.schres.2005.10.017
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Kwon,JunSoo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim,Jejoong;Park,Sohee;Shin,Yong-Wook;JinLee,Kyung;Kwon,JunSoo
背景大多数精神分裂症患者都存在工作记忆（WM）缺陷，但尚不清楚工作记忆的哪些组成部分受损。过去的研究表明编码可能受到损害。编码的一个重要决定因素是对目标刺激的选择性注意。此外，注意力和编码受到动机因素的调节。在这项研究中，我们调查了自我启动编码（即自愿注意）对 WM 的影响。方法 19 名精神分裂症患者和 19 名匹配的对照受试者参与了视觉 WM 和控制任务。通过要求受试者从两个面部目标中进行选择并记住 1）两张相同面部中的一张（非偏好条件）、2）一张被标记的面孔（非选择条件）和 3）他们更喜欢的一张（偏好条件）来操纵编码。测量了位置（空间）和身份（物体）的 WM 准确性。结果总体而言，精神分裂症患者比对照受试者准确度较低且速度较慢，但对象 WM 的缺陷更大。然而，与其他两种条件相比，当患者在编码期间选择首选面部作为目标（偏好条件）时，他们在对象 WM 中的准确度更高。这种效应对于空间记忆管理来说并不显着。结论这些结果表明，自愿的、自发的注意可能会促进对象编码，特别是如果目标的选择涉及情感选择，并且注意在记忆记忆中编码“什么”和“哪里”时可能发挥不同的作用。由于编码会影响所有形式的记忆，因此这些结果可能对记忆有更普遍的影响。
BACKGROUNDWorking memory (WM) deficit is present in a majority of patients with schizophrenia but it is unclear which components of WM are impaired. Past studies suggest that encoding may be compromised. One important determinant of encoding is the deployment of selective attention to the target stimulus. In addition, attention and encoding are modulated by motivational factors. In this study, we investigated the effects of self-initiated encoding (i.e., voluntary attention) on WM.METHODS19 patients with schizophrenia and 19 matched control subjects participated in visual WM and control tasks. Encoding was manipulated by asking subjects to select from two face targets and memorize 1) one of the two identical faces (Non-preference condition), 2) one that is marked (Non-choice condition), and 3) one they prefer (Preference condition). WM accuracy for both location (spatial) and identity (object) was measured.RESULTSOverall, patients with schizophrenia were less accurate and slower than the control subjects but the deficit was greater for object WM. However, patients were more accurate in object WM when they selected a preferred face as their target during encoding (preference condition) compared with the other two conditions. This effect was not significant for spatial WM.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that voluntary, self-initiated attention may facilitate object encoding especially if the selection of the target involves affective choice, and that attention may play different roles in encoding ‘what’ versus ‘where’ in WM. Since encoding affects all forms of memory, these results may have a more general implication for memory.