Health effects of swimmers and nonpoint sources of contaminated water.
Health effects of swimmers and nonpoint sources of contaminated water.
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DOI：
10.1080/09603129109356701
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发表时间：
1991-03-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Dufour, A P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calderon, R L;Mood, E W;Dufour, A P
来自非点源污染的微生物污染通常与通过城市、牧场和森林雨水径流的动物粪便废物有关。目前使用的细菌水质指标无法区分人类和动物粪便污染，因此，通常的做法是将与接触被动物或人类废物污染的水有关的风险视为同样危险。本研究的目的是确定游泳暴露于受动物粪便污染的水后是否有胃肠道疾病的风险。在6月、7月和8月期间，对志愿者研究参与者的健康状况和游泳活动进行了49天的随访。在研究过程中，每天监测水质的多种细菌指标。在动物非点源污染的水中游泳的个体中观察到与游泳相关的有症状的胃肠道疾病。游泳者疾病与高密度的常见粪便指示细菌或高容量雨天无关。游泳者患病与每天大量游泳者和高密度葡萄球菌有关。观察到的疾病似乎是由游泳者通过水传播引起的。
Microbiological contamination from nonpoint sources of pollution is usually related to animal faecal wastes through urban, pastureland and forest run-off of stormwater. Currently-used bacterial water quality indicators cannot discriminate between human and animal faecal contamination and, therefore, it is common practice to treat the risk associated with exposure to water polluted by animal or human wastes as equally hazardous. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a risk of gastrointestinal illness after a swimming exposure to water contaminated with animal faecal wastes. The health status and swimming activity of volunteer study participants was followed for 49 days during June, July and August. Multiple bacterial indicators of water quality were monitored daily during the course of the study. Swimming-associated symptomatic gastrointestinal illness was observed in individuals who swam in animal nonpoint source contaminated water. Swimmer illness was not associated with high densities of common faecal indicator bacteria or high volume rainy days. Swimmer illness was associated with high numbers of swimmers per day and high densities of staphylococci. The observed illnesses appeared to be caused by a swimmer to swimmer transmission via the water.