Does metabolism constrain bird and mammal ranges and predict shifts in response to climate change?
Does metabolism constrain bird and mammal ranges and predict shifts in response to climate change?
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.4537
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Hof, Christian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Buckley, Lauren B.;Khaliq, Imran;Hof, Christian
需要预测吸热范围的机械方法来预测它们对环境变化的反应。我们测试了最大代谢率的生理限制以及吸热动物提高新陈代谢的因素（代谢扩展性）是否会影响哺乳动物和鸟类的寒冷范围限制。我们研究了寒冷范围边界 (MECRB) 的代谢扩展性，以及物种性状是否可以预测 MECRB 的变异性，然后使用 MECRB 作为预测 210 种哺乳动物和 61 种鸟类的范围变化的初步方法。我们找到了代谢限制的证据：鸟类（2.7）和哺乳动物（3.2）在寒冷范围边界峰值处的代谢扩张性分布具有相似的值。正确的偏态分布表明一些物种已经适应了提高或逃避代谢限制。哺乳动物表现出比鸟类更大的偏差，这与它们不同的体温调节适应和行为一致。体型较小且营养级较低的哺乳动物和鸟类表现出较高水平的 MECRB。 MECRB 较高的哺乳动物倾向于冬眠或处于麻木状态。寒冷范围边界处的预测代谢率代表大量能量消耗（> 最大代谢率的 50%）。我们预计，如果代谢限制保持不变，到 2070 年，物种的寒冷范围边界将平均向极地移动 3.9 度。我们的分析表明，代谢限制为吸热冷范围边界的初始预测提供了可行的机制。然而，估计代谢限制（例如，适应反应）和规避这些限制（例如，麻木/冬眠、微气候选择）时的错误和近似强调了对更详细的、特定于分类群的机制模型的需要。与仅仅考虑吸热热耐受性相比，即使是对新陈代谢的粗略考虑也可能会导致预测的改进。
Mechanistic approaches for predicting the ranges of endotherms are needed to forecast their responses to environmental change. We test whether physiological constraints on maximum metabolic rate and the factor by which endotherms can elevate their metabolism (metabolic expansibility) influence cold range limits for mammal and bird species. We examine metabolic expansibility at the cold range boundary (MECRB) and whether species' traits can predict variability in MECRB and then use MECRB as an initial approach to project range shifts for 210 mammal and 61 bird species. We find evidence for metabolic constraints: the distributions of metabolic expansibility at the cold range boundary peak at similar values for birds (2.7) and mammals (3.2). The right skewed distributions suggest some species have adapted to elevate or evade metabolic constraints. Mammals exhibit greater skew than birds, consistent with their diverse thermoregulatory adaptations and behaviors. Mammal and bird species that are small and occupy low trophic levels exhibit high levels of MECRB. Mammals with high MECRB tend to hibernate or use torpor. Predicted metabolic rates at the cold range boundaries represent large energetic expenditures (>50% of maximum metabolic rates). We project species to shift their cold range boundaries poleward by an average of 3.9 degrees latitude by 2070 if metabolic constraints remain constant. Our analysis suggests that metabolic constraints provide a viable mechanism for initial projections of the cold range boundaries for endotherms. However, errors and approximations in estimating metabolic constraints (e.g., acclimation responses) and evasion of these constraints (e.g., torpor/hibernation, microclimate selection) highlight the need for more detailed, taxa-specific mechanistic models. Even coarse considerations of metabolism will likely lead to improved predictions over exclusively considering thermal tolerance for endotherms.