Alcohol-Impaired Driving in the United States: Contributors to the Problem and Effective Countermeasures
Alcohol-Impaired Driving in the United States: Contributors to the Problem and Effective Countermeasures
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DOI：
10.1080/15389588.2012.656858
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Ferguson, Susan A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferguson, Susan A.
目的：回顾当前酒后驾驶对策的有效性。方法：本文概述了美国酒后驾驶问题的成因，并回顾了酒后驾驶对策的有效性。结果：在过去的几十年中，已经使用了许多有效的对策，既阻止司机在酒精含量超过法定限度时驾驶，又阻止酒后驾驶 (DWI) 违法者一旦被抓获并再次犯罪。被定罪。近年来，“顽固”酒后驾车者的问题受到越来越多的关注，这个术语是指那些反复在血液中酒精浓度较高的情况下驾驶并且拒绝改变其行为的人。尽管这些人是值得关注的合法目标，但主要关注这一群体将导致错失解决大部分酒后驾驶事故的机会。本文回顾了用于减少酒后驾驶的主要对策，并总结了其有效性的证据。它提出的问题是，在资源有限的环境中，注意力应该集中在哪里。结论：一般威慑方法，例如频繁和高度宣传的清醒检查站，最有可能挽救生命，应该成为州和地方努力的支柱。旨在阻止酒后驾车罪犯再次犯罪的具体威慑方法，例如酒精点火联锁装置，应适用于所有被捕的司机，无论其饮酒史如何。有证据表明他们可以从中受益。未来，先进的车载技术可能会成为大幅减少酒后驾驶问题的关键，这些技术可以防止车辆在驾驶员超过法定限制时驾驶。
Objective: To review the effectiveness of current countermeasures in alcohol-impaired driving.Method: This article provides an overview of the contributors to the alcohol-impaired driving problem in the United States and reviews the effectiveness of alcohol-impaired driving countermeasures.Results: Many effective countermeasures have been used during the past few decades both to deter drivers from driving when they are over the legal limit for alcohol and to discourage driving while intoxicated (DWI) offenders from reoffending once they have been caught and convicted. In recent years, greater attention has been given to the problem of "hardcore" drinking drivers, a term coined to refer to those who repeatedly drive with high blood alcohol concentrations and are resistant to changing their behavior. Although such individuals are a legitimate target for attention, focusing predominantly on this group will result in missed opportunities to address a large portion of alcohol-impaired driving crashes. This article provides a review of the primary countermeasures that have been used to reduce alcohol-impaired driving and summarizes evidence for their effectiveness. It asks the question of where, in an environment of limited resources, attention should be focused.Conclusions: General deterrent approaches, such as frequent and highly publicized sobriety checkpoints, have the greatest potential to save lives and should be the mainstay of state and local efforts. Specific deterrent approaches, aimed at deterring DWI offenders from reoffending, such as alcohol ignition interlocks, should be applied to all apprehended drivers, whatever their drinking history. Evidence suggests that they could benefit from them. In the future, advanced in-vehicle technologies that would prevent vehicles from being driven when their drivers are over the legal limit may hold the key to drastically reducing the alcohol-impaired driving problem.