3-D kinematic restoration of the eastern Sudbury Igneous Complex, Canada, and its importance for Cu-Ni-PGE sulphide exploration
3-D kinematic restoration of the eastern Sudbury Igneous Complex, Canada, and its importance for Cu-Ni-PGE sulphide exploration
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加拿大东部萨德伯里火成岩杂岩体的 3D 运动学恢复及其对 Cu-Ni-PGE 硫化物勘探的重要性
DOI：
10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.07.019
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Riller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Riller
由于一般缺乏（1）平面原生岩性接触，（2）严格约束的变形运动学，（3）对岩性和深部构造的几何约束，很少尝试变形火成岩的运动学解释。由于大量的勘探钻孔，加拿大安大略的变形和分层的1.85 Ga萨德伯里火成岩杂岩（SIC）相对于（1）和（3）是相当好的理解。因此，我们探讨了运动学的褶皱和断层在东部SIC和使用地下几何形状的故障提取的模型集成表面映射和岩心日志，试图恢复部分SIC的几何形状。具体来说，我们确定了旋转幅度和倾斜轴的一个更大规模的倾伏褶皱，西湾背斜，这似乎已经折叠了东部的SIC。我们结合了一个三维模型的断层和岩性接触的SIC，断层运动学计算从反转脆性剪切断层在表面上，和肢体旋转的西湾背斜运动学恢复东部的SIC。使用简单的剪切和弯曲滑动算法的解释结果突出了突出的，弯曲的断层，取代SIC和促进其折叠的滑动的重要性。挠曲滑动似乎是两者中更合理的机制，因为它消除了突出断层的曲率和位移。挠曲-滑动恢复有助于估计SIC的原生厚度变化，结果表明，SIC的主质量的增厚部分在空间上与已知的Cu-Ni-PGE硫化物矿床相对应。这一结果表明，三维恢复可以是一个重要的工具，在火成岩矿产勘查。
Kinematic restorations of deformed igneous terranes have rarely been attempted due to the general absence of (1) planar primary lithological contacts, (2) tightly constrained deformation kinematics, and (3) geometric constraints on lithologies and structures at depth. Because of the vast number of exploration drill holes, the deformed and layered 1.85 Ga Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) in Ontario, Canada, is reasonably well understood with respect to (1) and (3). We therefore explored the kinematics of folding and faulting in the eastern SIC and use the subsurface geometry of faults extracted from a model integrating surface mapping and drill core logs in an attempt to restore the geometry of part of the SIC. Specifically, we identified rotation magnitudes and the tilt axis of a kilometer-scale plunging fold, the West Bay Anticline, which appears to have folded the eastern part of the SIC. We combined a 3-D model of the faults and lithological contacts of the SIC, fault kinematics calculated from the inversion of brittle shear faults at surface, and limb rotations of the West Bay Anticline to kinematically restore the eastern part of the SIC. Results of restorations using simple shear and flexural-slip algorithms highlight the importance of slip on prominent, curved faults that displaced the SIC and facilitated its folding. Flexural slip appears to be the more plausible mechanism of the two, as it removed the curvature of, and displacement on, prominent faults. Flexural-slip restoration helps to estimate primary thickness variations of the SIC and the results show that thickened parts of the Main Mass of the SIC correspond spatially with known Cu-Ni-PGE sulfide deposits. This result demonstrates that 3-D restoration can be an important tool for mineral exploration in igneous terranes.
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