Assessing the impact of multi-channel BLE beacons on fingerprint-based positioning
Assessing the impact of multi-channel BLE beacons on fingerprint-based positioning
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DOI：
10.1109/ipin.2017.8115871
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发表时间：
2017-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jovan Powar;Chaoqian Gao;R. Harle
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文献类型：
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作者：
Jovan Powar;Chaoqian Gao;R. Harle
蓝牙低功耗（BLE）信标由于其易于部署、对消费者设备的广泛支持和低成本而对室内位置具有吸引力。可以使用应用于来自BLE信标的接收信号强度（RSS）值的无线电指纹技术来估计坐标位置。关于BLE指纹识别的早期工作已经注意到，单独的BLE广告信道可以呈现不同的RSS值，尽管现代消费者设备不提供信道信息，并且因此报告具有可能导致降低的定位精度的人为膨胀方差的复合RSS。在这项工作中，我们量化了典型环境中出现这种信道色散的频率、色散的程度以及它对定位的影响。此外，我们探讨如何获得渠道信息时，使用当今的消费设备。我们发现，分散是共同的和显着的，并导致显着降低定位精度;在我们的实验中，只有10%的复合方差在1 dBm的单个通道的方差，和40%的复合方差至少4 dBm以上。我们还表明，信道的行为是足够不同的指纹识别方案，每个使用的信号地图实现显着提高定位精度（高达3米）。
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons are attractive for indoor location due to their ease of deployment, wide support on consumer devices and low cost. Co-ordinate location can be estimated using radio fingerprinting techniques applied to Received Signal Strength (RSS) values from BLE beacons. Earlier work on BLE fingerprinting has noted that the separate BLE advertising channels can exhibit different RSS values, although modern consumer devices do not provide channel information and therefore report a composite RSS with artificially inflated variance that can lead to reduced positioning accuracy. In this work we quantify how often this channel dispersion occurs in typical environments, what the extent of the dispersion is, and what impact it has on positioning. Furthermore we explore how to obtain channel information when using today's consumer devices. We find that the dispersion is both common and significant and leads to significantly reduced positioning accuracy; in our experiments only 10% of composite variances were within 1 dBm of an individual channel's variance, and 40% of composite variances were at least 4 dBm greater. We also show that the behaviour of the channels is sufficiently distinct that a fingerprinting scheme that uses a signal map for each achieves significantly increased positioning accuracy (up to 3 m).