Cardiovascular Actions of Vasopressin

Cardiovascular Actions of Vasopressin
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加压素的心血管作用

DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4615-8129-1_10
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发表时间:
1987
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
J. Liard
J. Liard
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Allen W. CowleyJr.;J. Liard

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虽然血管加压素(VP)的心血管作用仅在近年来才得到系统的研究,但奥利弗和谢弗(1895)在1895年首次观察到脑垂体提取物的血管加压活性。这一点很快被其他三位研究者证实(豪厄尔,1898;利冯,1898;冯·西翁,1898),豪厄尔证明升压原理存在于后叶提取物中。正是从这些早期的观察中,VP得到了它的名字。VP的抗利尿作用直到1913年才被观察到,当时意大利的Farini(1913)和德国的Von den Velden(1913)两位独立工作的医生报道了通过注射垂体后叶提取物成功治疗尿崩症患者。1924年,Starling和Verney(1924)证明了垂体后叶提取物对离体肾脏的抗利尿作用,神经垂体的抗利尿作用成为VP相关的主要关注点。很明显,这种激素对体液的保存至关重要,尽管广泛观察到升压活性,但很明显,这些作用所需的量远远超过最大抗利尿活性所需的量(Saameli,1968;索耶,1971;中野,1974)。VP的这些重要的抗利尿作用将在第9章进行综述。
Although the cardiovascular actions of vasopressin (VP) have been examined systematically only in recent years, Oliver and Schafer (1895) first observed the vaso-pressor activity of pituitary gland extracts in 1895. This was soon confirmed by three other investigators (Howell, 1898; Livon, 1898; von Cyon, 1898) and Howell demonstrated that the pressor principle resided in extracts of the posterior lobe. It was from these early observations that VP derived its name. The antidi-uretic actions of VP were not observed until 1913, when two physicians working independently, Farini (1913), in Italy, and Von den Velden (1913), in Germany, reported successful treatment of patients with diabetes insipidus by injections of posterior pituitary extracts. With the 1924 demonstration of the antidiuretic effects of posterior pituitary extracts on the isolated kidney by Starling and Verney (1924), the antiduretic role of the neurohypophysis became the predominant aspect of interest related to VP. It became clear that this hormone was of vital importance for the conservation of body fluids and that, although pressor activity was widely observed, it was evident that these actions required amounts far in excess of those required for maximal antidiuretic activity (Saameli, 1968; Sawyer, 1971; Nakano, 1974). These important antidiuretic actions of VP are reviewed in Chapter 9.
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