Optimizing Managed Aquifer Recharge Locations in California's Central Valley Using an Evolutionary Multi‐Objective Genetic Algorithm Coupled With a Hydrological Simulation Model
Optimizing Managed Aquifer Recharge Locations in California's Central Valley Using an Evolutionary Multi‐Objective Genetic Algorithm Coupled With a Hydrological Simulation Model
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DOI：
10.1029/2022wr034129
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发表时间：
2023-05
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Georgios Kourakos;Giuseppe Brunetti;Daniel P. Bigelow;S. Wallander;H. Dahlke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Georgios Kourakos;Giuseppe Brunetti;Daniel P. Bigelow;S. Wallander;H. Dahlke
管理含水层补给（MAR）可以长期储存多余的地表水供日后使用。虽然几十年的研究集中在MAR的物理过程和确定合适的MAR位置，很少有研究已经做了如何考虑竞争因素和权衡选址MAR设施。本研究提出使用模拟优化（SO）框架，通过将进化算法与两个目标函数相结合，以最大限度地提高地下水储存收益，同时最大限度地降低MAR成本，从而绘制出MAR的成本效益边界。我们提出的理论框架沿着与真实的加州的中央谷的应用。SO框架的结果是一个帕累托前沿，允许确定不同水平的地下水储存收益和相关的MAR项目成本的合适的MAR位置，所以利益相关者可以评估不同的选择的基础上的成本，效益和MAR网站的权衡。SO框架在中央谷的应用表明，地下水可以从高量级（第95百分位数）流量中补给，边际成本为每平方公里5700万至1.1亿美元。如果10%的最大流量得到补充，地下水储存的总收益将增加一倍，边际成本将降至每立方米3000万至5000万美元。如果补给水来自当地流域以外（例如，萨克拉门托-圣华金三角洲），地下水储存增益比通过补充当地流量可实现的增益高约25%-80%，但由于额外的提升成本，总成本高约10%-15%。
Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) can provide long‐term storage of excess surface water for later use. While decades of research have focused on the physical processes of MAR and identifying suitable MAR locations, very little research has been done on how to consider competing factors and tradeoffs in siting MAR facilities. This study proposes the use of a simulation‐optimization (SO) framework to map out a cost‐effectiveness frontier for MAR by combining an evolutionary algorithm with two objective functions that seek to maximize groundwater storage gains while minimizing MAR cost. We present the theoretical framework along with a real‐world application to California's Central Valley. The result of the SO framework is a Pareto front that allows identifying suitable MAR locations for different levels of groundwater storage gain and associated MAR project costs, so stakeholders can evaluate different choices based on cost, benefits, and tradeoffs of MAR sites. Application of the SO framework to the Central Valley shows groundwater can be recharged from high‐magnitude (95th percentile) flows at a marginal cost of $57 to $110 million per km3. If the 10 percent largest flows are recharged the total groundwater storage gain would double and the marginal costs would drop to between $30 and $50 million per km3. If recharge water is sourced from outside local basins (e.g., the Sacramento‐San Joaquin Delta), groundwater storage gain is approximately 25%–80% greater than can be achieved by recharging local flows, but the total cost is about 10%–15% higher because of additional lift cost.