Effects of Trichoderma viride chitinases on the peritrophic matrix of Lepidoptera
Effects of Trichoderma viride chitinases on the peritrophic matrix of Lepidoptera
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DOI：
10.1002/ps.4078
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Tettamanti, Gianluca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Berini, Francesca;Caccia, Silvia;Tettamanti, Gianluca
周围营养基质（PM）是由昆虫中肠中排列的与蛋白质、糖蛋白和蛋白聚糖相关的几丁质原纤维网络形成的。它是参与消化过程的物理屏障，保护中肠上皮免受食物磨损、病原体感染和有毒物质的侵害。鉴于其在昆虫生理学中的基本作用，PM代表了害虫控制策略的极好目标。虽然已经测试了一些影响PM完整性的病毒，细菌和昆虫几丁质水解酶，但真菌几丁质酶的开发几乎被忽视。真菌几丁质酶已经被用作真菌植物病原体的生物防治剂，已知其攻击昆虫的角质层，但其对昆虫肠道的作用需要更好的研究。结果本研究对产自绿色木霉的几丁质水解酶进行了生物化学表征，并分析了其对鳞翅目模式系统家蚕（Bombyx mori）体内和体外几丁质水解酶的影响。我们发现这些酶在体外对这种昆虫PM的结构和通透性有显著的影响。一项生物测定支持了这些结果，并表明口服该混合物会导致PM改变，从而对幼虫生长发育产生不利影响，对蛹体重产生负面影响，甚至导致死亡。结论本研究为评价真菌几丁质酶对鳞翅目昆虫的作用提供了一种综合实验方法。这些令人鼓舞的结果使我们对利用真菌几丁质酶控制鳞翅目害虫的可能性充满信心。(c) 2015年化学工业学会
BACKGROUNDThe peritrophic matrix (PM) is formed by a network of chitin fibrils associated with proteins, glycoproteins and proteoglycans that lines the insect midgut. It is a physical barrier involved in digestion processes, and protects the midgut epithelium from food abrasion, pathogen infections and toxic materials. Given its fundamental role in insect physiology, the PM represents an excellent target for pest control strategies. Although a number of viral, bacterial and insect chitinolytic enzymes affecting PM integrity have already been tested, exploitation of fungal chitinases has been almost neglected. Fungal chitinases, already in use as fungal phytopathogen biocontrol agents, are known to attack the insect cuticle, but their action on the insect gut needs to be better investigated.RESULTSIn the present paper, we performed a biochemical characterisation of a commercial mixture of chitinolytic enzymes derived from Trichoderma viride and analysed its in vitro and in vivo effects on the PM of the silkworm Bombyx mori, a model system among Lepidoptera. We found that these enzymes have significant in vitro effects on the structure and permeability of the PM of this insect. A bioassay supported these results and showed that the oral administration of the mixture causes PM alterations, leading to adverse consequences on larval growth and development, negatively affecting pupal weight and even inducing mortality.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides an integrated experimental approach to evaluate the effects of fungal chitinases on Lepidoptera. The encouraging results obtained herein make us confident about the possible use of fungal chitinases to control lepidopteran pests. (c) 2015 Society of Chemical Industry