The oddball effect: Perceived duration and predictive coding
The oddball effect: Perceived duration and predictive coding
复制标题
DOI：
10.1167/11.2.17
复制
发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Arnold, Derek H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schindel, Ryan;Rowlands, Jemma;Arnold, Derek H.
当一个独特的“奇怪”刺激嵌入一系列重复的标准刺激中时，其持续时间可能会显得相对夸张（V. Pariyadath & D. Eagleman, 2007; P. U. Tse, J. Intriligator, J. Rivest, & P. Cavanagh, 2004）。我们探讨了这与低水平视觉处理下信号强度降低之间存在联系的可能性。在实验 1 中，我们使用 Troxler 衰落作为信号强度的度量——长时间观看刺激物的明显衰落（I. P. V. Troxler，1804）。通过向不同的眼睛提供奇怪和标准的刺激来夸大褪色。然而，当持续或间歇地呈现标准刺激时，没有褪色差异。这些结果与奇怪的效应形成鲜明对比，奇怪的效应对眼睛的起源不敏感，并且取决于间歇性标准刺激。在实验 2 中，我们表明，奇怪效应可以通过重复刺激的强度较低版本的奇怪效应引起，而在实验 3 中，我们表明，奇怪效应可以随着重复刺激和奇怪刺激之间的差异而扩大。这些观察结果推翻了任何基于对个体刺激的低水平神经反应幅度的奇怪效应解释。相反，我们的数据支持这样的观点：奇怪的效应是由预测编码驱动的（V. Pariyadath & D. Eagleman，2007），反映了预期输入与实际输入之间的差异。
When a unique "oddball" stimulus is embedded in a train of repeated standard stimuli, its duration can seem relatively exaggerated (V. Pariyadath & D. Eagleman, 2007; P. U. Tse, J. Intriligator, J. Rivest, & P. Cavanagh, 2004). We explored the possibility of a link between this and signal intensity reductions at low levels of visual processing. In Experiment 1, we used Troxler fading as a metric of signal intensity-the apparent fading of a stimulus with prolonged viewing (I. P. V. Troxler, 1804). Fading was exaggerated by presenting oddball and standard stimuli to different eyes. However, there was no fading difference when standard stimuli were presented persistently or intermittently. These results contrast with oddball effects, which were insensitive to eye of origin, and which were contingent on intermittent standard stimuli. In Experiment 2, we show that oddball effects can be elicited with oddballs that are less intense versions of repetitive stimuli, and in Experiment 3, we show that oddball effects can scale with the discrepancy between repeated and oddball stimuli. These observations discredit any oddball effect explanation predicated on low-level neural response magnitudes to individual stimuli. Instead, our data support the view that oddball effects are driven by predictive coding (V. Pariyadath & D. Eagleman, 2007), reflecting the discrepancy between expected and actual inputs.