Ventral and dorsal streams in the evolution of speech and language.
Ventral and dorsal streams in the evolution of speech and language.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fnevo.2012.00007
复制
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rauschecker JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rauschecker JP
人类和古代猴子的大脑在解剖学上表现出很大的相似性。例如，两个物种的听觉皮层系统都被组织成腹侧和背侧通路。关于语音和语言（以及音乐）进化的一个基本问题是，人类和猴子的大脑是否在组织上表现出主要差异（例如，由于单一突变而出现新的路径），或者物种差异是否具有更微妙的定量性质。毫无疑问，人类和猴子的腹侧听觉通路在解码频谱复杂的声音方面具有类似的作用，一些作者将其称为听觉对象识别。这包括语音解码（“语音感知”）以及它们与人类意义的最终联系。通过与视觉背侧通路的类比，最初推测的听觉背侧通路在空间处理中的作用最近被概念化为在感觉运动整合和控制中更普遍的作用。特别是对于语音，背侧处理流在语音生成以及在线语音处理过程中的音素分类中发挥着作用。
The brains of humans and old-world monkeys show a great deal of anatomical similarity. The auditory cortical system, for instance, is organized into a ventral and a dorsal pathway in both species. A fundamental question with regard to the evolution of speech and language (as well as music) is whether human and monkey brains show principal differences in their organization (e.g., new pathways appearing as a result of a single mutation), or whether species differences are of a more subtle, quantitative nature. There is little doubt about a similar role of the ventral auditory pathway in both humans and monkeys in the decoding of spectrally complex sounds, which some authors have referred to as auditory object recognition. This includes the decoding of speech sounds (“speech perception”) and their ultimate linking to meaning in humans. The originally presumed role of the auditory dorsal pathway in spatial processing, by analogy to the visual dorsal pathway, has recently been conceptualized into a more general role in sensorimotor integration and control. Specifically for speech, the dorsal processing stream plays a role in speech production as well as categorization of phonemes during on-line processing of speech.