Temperature and Photoperiod Influence Flowering and Morphology of Four Petunia spp.
Temperature and Photoperiod Influence Flowering and Morphology of Four Petunia spp.
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DOI：
10.21273/hortsci.45.3.365
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发表时间：
2010-03
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
R. Warner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Warner
四种矮牵牛花的开花和形态。属（腋窝属）布里顿等人，P. exserta Stehmann， P. integrfolia（胡克）Schinz & Thell。（P. hybrida Vilm.）对光周期和温度的响应进行了评价。在9小时短日（SD）、9小时光周期加4小时夜间中断照明（NI）、16小时光周期加高压钠灯（16小时HPS）下评估光周期反应。所有树种在NI条件下均比SD条件下开花早，属兼性（定量）长日照植物。在长日处理中，增加日光照积分只增加了春笋的花芽数。在14 ~ 26℃的温度范围内，在16 h HPS条件下评价作物的适时和品质。随着温度从14℃升高到26℃，各树种开花进展速度加快，表明最适发育温度至少为26℃。计算得到的开花过程的基础温度从外植黄杨的0.1℃到整合叶黄杨的5.3℃不等。与较高温度相比，在148c和178c及更低温度下，腋生和整合叶的开花发育延迟（即第一朵花以下的节数增加）。随着温度的升高，矮牵牛花和整叶牵牛花的花芽数均呈下降趋势，而矮牵牛花在不同温度下花芽数基本一致。观察到的这些品种在作物种植时间和品质性状上的差异表明，它们可能是矮牵牛育种计划的有用变异来源。
Flowering and morphology of four Petunia Juss. spp. (P. axillaris (Lam.) Britton et al., P. exserta Stehmann, P. integrifolia (Hook.) Schinz & Thell., and P. ·hybrida Vilm.) were evaluated in response to photoperiod and temperature. Photoperiod responses were evaluated under 9-h short days (SD), 9-h photoperiod plus 4-h night-interruption lighting (NI), or a 16-h photoperiod supplemented with high-pressure sodium lamps (16-h HPS). All species flowered earlier under NI than SD and were classified as facultative (quantitative) long-day plants. Increasing the daily light integral within long-day treatments increased flower bud number for P. axillaris only. In a second experiment, crop timing and quality were evaluated in the temperature range of 14 to 26 8C under 16-h HPS. The rate of progress toward flowering for each species increased as temperature increased from 14 to 26 8C, suggesting the optimal temperature for development is at least 26 8C. The calculated base temperature for progress to flowering varied from 0.1 8C for P. exserta to 5.3 8C for P. integrifolia. Flowering of P. axillaris and P. integrifolia was delayed developmentally (i.e., increased node number below the first flower) at 14 8C and 17 8C or less, respectively, compared with higher temperatures. Petunia axillaris and P. integrifolia flower bud numbers decreased as temperature increased, whereas P. ·hybrida flower bud number was similar at all temperatures. The differences in crop timing and quality traits observed for these species suggest that they may be useful sources of variability for petunia breeding programs.