Novel Action of Carotenoids on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Macrophage Polarization and Liver Homeostasis.
Novel Action of Carotenoids on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Macrophage Polarization and Liver Homeostasis.
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作者：
Ni Y;Zhuge F;Nagashimada M;Ota T
非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是最常见的慢性肝病。其特征在于广泛的肝脏变化，可能进展为非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）和肝硬化。NAFLD被认为是代谢综合征的肝脏表现;然而，NAFLD的发病和进展的潜在机制仍不清楚。驻留和募集的巨噬细胞是肝脏稳态功能和NAFLD向NASH进展的关键参与者。巨噬细胞极化激活的分子机制研究取得了进展。新的NAFLD疗法可能涉及通过抑制M1激活或驱动M2激活来修饰巨噬细胞极化。类胡萝卜素是有效的抗氧化剂和抗炎微量营养素，已用于预防和治疗NAFLD。除了它们的抗氧化作用，类胡萝卜素还可以调节巨噬细胞极化，从而阻止NASH的进展。本文就NAFLD中巨噬细胞极化的分子机制及肝巨噬细胞/枯否细胞的功能进行综述。从我们的综述中，我们提出膳食类胡萝卜素，如β-隐黄质和虾青素，可通过调节巨噬细胞极化和肝脏稳态来预防或治疗NAFLD。
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. It is characterized by a wide spectrum of hepatic changes, which may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. NAFLD is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome; however, mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of NAFLD are still unclear. Resident and recruited macrophages are key players in the homeostatic function of the liver and in the progression of NAFLD to NASH. Progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the polarized activation of macrophages. New NAFLD therapies will likely involve modification of macrophage polarization by restraining M1 activation or driving M2 activation. Carotenoids are potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory micronutrients that have been used to prevent and treat NAFLD. In addition to their antioxidative action, carotenoids can regulate macrophage polarization and thereby halt the progression of NASH. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of macrophage polarization and the function of liver macrophages/Kupffer cells in NAFLD. From our review, we propose that dietary carotenoids, such as β-cryptoxanthin and astaxanthin, be used to prevent or treat NAFLD through the regulation of macrophage polarization and liver homeostasis.