Some perspectives on the attenuation paradox in test theory.
Some perspectives on the attenuation paradox in test theory.
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关于测试理论中衰减悖论的一些观点。
DOI：
10.1002/j.2333-8504.1954.tb00485.x
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发表时间：
1954
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
F. Lord
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Lord
与洛文格博士的“衰减悖论”相关的四点已被“提出：
通常的乘积矩“有效性”系数不足以讨论该悖论。必须使用曲线相关系数。当使用正确的系数时，仍然会发现“悖论区域”，尽管其大小有所减小。
在实际成就和能力倾向测试中，经常会遇到一种被大大放大的“悖论”发生程度的概念。列出一些数值以澄清这一点。
指出，一组考生的任何总体“效度”系数都只能是异质信息的平均值。如果这种不均匀性产生所谓的悖论，也就不足为奇了。这样的复合系数并不是心理测量学的基础。测试针对特定考生的特定决策问题的判别力才是真正的基本概念。定义了一个非常简单的指数来描述这种辨别力。
提到了一个实例，其中考虑了特定能力水平下的测试的辨别能力，得出了一些实际结论（无论“悖论区域”如何），并且纠正了一个常见的误解。给出的表格显示了当考官的目的仅仅是将一组考生分类为成功或不成功时所需的峰值测试的最佳项目难度级别。
Four points relating to Dr. Loevinger's “attenuation paradox” have “been brought forward:
The usual product-moment “validity” coefficient is inadequate for any discussion of the paradox. A curvilinear correlation coefficient must be used. The “region of paradox” is still found when the correct coefficient is used, although its size is reduced.
A greatly magnified notion of the extent to which the “paradox” occurs in actual achievement and aptitude testing is frequently encountered. Some numerical values are tabled so as to clarify this point.
It is pointed out that any over-all “validity” coefficient for a group of examinees can be no more than an average of heterogeneous information. It is not surprising if this inhomogeneity produces so-called paradoxes. Such a composite coefficient is not basic to psycho-metrics. The discriminating power of the test for a specified decision problem regarding a specified examinee is the truly basic concept. A very simple index for describing this discriminating power is defined.
One instance where a consideration of the discriminating power of a test at a particular ability level leads to some practical conclusions (irrespective of the “region of paradox”) is mentioned, and a common misconception is corrected. A table is given showing the optimum item-difficulty level for the peaked tests required when the examiner's purpose is merely to classify a group of examinees as successful or unsuccessful.