Morphological and habitat divergence in the intertidal limpet Patelloida pygmaea
Morphological and habitat divergence in the intertidal limpet Patelloida pygmaea
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潮间带帽贝 Patelloida pygmaea 的形态和栖息地差异
DOI：
10.1007/s00227-005-0241-9
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
S. Chiba
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shizuko Nakai;O. Miura;M. Maki;S. Chiba
在潮间帽贝Patellloida pygmaea中，有两种不同的变种，即pygmaea和conulus。前者具有扁平的细长外壳，后者具有极高的圆形外壳。在野外观察中发现长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）壳上有侏儒虫。锥状体用一种不寻常的基质来附着。它是在潮间带腹足类Batillaria cumingi的活壳上发现的。尽管芋螺通常只在巴氏藻的壳上发现，但当侏儒藻和巴氏藻壳不存在于自然界时，它也可以在牡蛎壳上发现。等位酶的电泳分析表明，这两种形式是生殖隔离彼此共存，没有基因交换的同一泥滩。实验室实验表明，当牡蛎壳和巴氏藻壳同时存在时，侏儒藻指牡蛎壳和芋螺更喜欢巴氏藻壳作为附着基质。即使在只有巴提拉贝壳的时候，侏儒蚁也不会附着在巴提拉贝壳上。然而，在没有巴提拉贝壳的情况下，芋螺也附着在牡蛎壳上。在牡蛎壳上附着的芋螺个体比例显著降低，而在牡蛎壳上附着的芋螺个体比例显著降低。这些结果表明，俾格米人在生态学上比锥虫更适合生活在牡蛎壳上。
In the intertidal limpetPatelloida pygmaea, two distinctive morphs, the formspygmaeaandconulus, have been recorded. The former possesses a flat elongated shell, and the latter has an extremely high round shell. It has been observed in the field thatpygmaeais found on oyster shellsCrassostrea gigas. The formconulususes an unusual substrate for attachment. It is found on the living shells of the intertidal gastropodBatillaria cumingi. Althoughconulusis normally found only on shells ofBatillaria, it can also be found on oyster shells whenpygmaeaandBatillariashells are not present in nature. An electrophoretic analysis of allozymes showed that these two forms are reproductively isolated from each other and coexist without gene exchange on the same mudflat. Laboratory experiments showed thatpygmaeaprefers oyster shells andconulusprefersBatillariashells as substrates for attachment when both oyster andBatillariashells are present. The formpygmaeadid not attach toBatillariashells, even when onlyBatillariashells were available. However,conulusalso attached to oyster shells whenBatillariashells were not available. The proportion of individuals ofconulusthat attached to oyster shells decreased significantly whenpygmaeawas attaching to the oyster shells. These results suggest thatpygmaeais ecologically more specialized to living on oyster shells thanconulus.