A review of probation home visits: What do we know?
A review of probation home visits: What do we know?
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缓刑家访回顾：我们知道什么？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Maria João Lobo Antunes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Ahlin;Venn State Harrisburg;Maria João Lobo Antunes
家访是缓刑的一个重要组成部分，但研究不足。从历史上看，家访是缓刑的基石（Lindner，1992年a），它为缓刑监督官提供了一个机会，使他们能够在当事人的个人环境中与当事人进行高质量的接触。罪犯与其指派的官员之间这种不太正式的互动不仅有助于监测行为和遵守案件计划的情况，而且还为治疗和社会服务提供经常需要的指导。此外，虽然这些访问很费时（见DeMichele，2007），但这些访问使缓刑监督官有更多的机会充当积极的榜样（见Braswell，1989）。虽然家访被视为缓刑监督官使用的一个重要工具，但最近的证据表明，家访很少进行（见Jalbert，罗兹，Flygare，& Kane，2010），即使是对那些可能从中受益最多的高风险罪犯。目前缺乏对家访做法和政策的研究。关于家访的当前目标、最佳做法和与家访相关的预期结果的知识没有很好的记录。此外，关于家访的定性性质（Taxman，2002年）以及这些互动是否对罪犯累犯有任何影响的信息很少，而且已经过时。因为有成本（如缓刑监督官的时间和安全风险）与进行实地工作，我们需要了解家访在现代缓刑机构的作用，并确定最佳做法，他们应该如何实施，以达到预期的目标。本文强调了家访作为缓刑的一个关键因素的历史重要性，并提出了未来的途径，以告知该领域的全部潜力和效用。首先，我们简要概述了缓刑在刑事司法系统中的历史。其次，我们概述了缓刑在过去世纪的演变，不仅包括低风险的罪犯，但也包括那些累犯和违反公共安全的风险较高，讨论如何家访适用于这一人群。最后，我们讨论了我们在家访方面的知识差距，以及该领域如何通过解决文献和研究中的这些空白来向前迈进。
HOME VISITS ARE an important yet understudied component of probation. Historically a cornerstone of probation (Lindner, 1992a), home visits provide an opportunity for probation officers to have quality contact with a client in his or her personal environment. This type of less formal interaction between offenders and their assigned officers serves not only to monitor behavior and compliance with the case plan but also to provide oftenneeded direction towards treatment and social services. Furthermore, though time consuming (see DeMichele, 2007), these visits allow the probation officer additional opportunities to act as a positive role model (see Braswell, 1989). Although home visits are seen as a critical tool employed by probation officers, recent evidence demonstrates that home visits are rarely conducted (see Jalbert, Rhodes, Flygare, & Kane, 2010), even for high-risk offenders who might benefit from them the most. Research on current home visit practices and policies is lacking. Knowledge about current goals of home visits, best practices, and anticipated outcomes associated with home visits is not well documented. Further, information on the qualitative nature of the home visit (Taxman, 2002) and whether these interactions have any effect on offender recidivism is scarce and out of date. Because there are costs (such as probation officer time and safety risks) associated with conducting field work, we need to understand the role of home visits in modern probation agencies and determine best practices of how they should be implemented to meet intended goals. This article highlights the historical importance of home visits as a key element of probation and suggests future avenues to inform the field about their full potential and utility. First, we provide a brief overview of the history of probation in the criminal justice system. Second, we outline how probation has evolved over the last century to encompass not only low-risk offenders, but also those at higher risk of recidivating and violating public safety, discussing how home visits are applicable to this population. We conclude with a discussion of gaps in our knowledge on home visits and how the field can move forward by addressing these voids in the literature and research.