Serologic Surveillance of Anthrax in the Serengeti Ecosystem, Tanzania, 1996-2009
Serologic Surveillance of Anthrax in the Serengeti Ecosystem, Tanzania, 1996-2009
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DOI：
10.3201/eid1703.101290
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Cleaveland, Sarah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lembo, Tiziana;Hampson, Katie;Cleaveland, Sarah
炭疽芽孢杆菌是引起炭疽病的细菌，它是导致动物物种死亡率不同的原因。病例发现困难、尸体危险或难以接近以及误诊都会阻碍监测。利用病例报告和一种能够进行多物种比较的新血清学检测方法，我们研究了 1996 年至 2009 年间坦桑尼亚塞伦盖蒂生态系统中不同物种接触炭疽杆菌并引起的疾病以及血清监测的效用。食肉动物中的高血清阳性率表明经常发生非致命性接触。血清呈阳性的角马和水牛表明，食草动物中的感染并不总是致命的，而斑马没有血清呈阳性并且频繁检测到致命病例表明其具有很高的易感性。狗的暴露模式反映了已知的地方性流行模式，并提供了有关生态系统中炭疽的新信息，这表明狗作为指示物种的潜力。血清监测是监测和检测炭疽的重要工具，可以揭示造成暴露、易感性和死亡率的物种特异性变异的机制。
Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax, is responsible for varying death rates among animal species. Difficulties in case detection, hazardous or inaccessible carcasses, and misdiagnosis hinder surveillance. Using case reports and a new serologic assay that enables multispecies comparisons, we examined exposure to and illness caused by B. anthracis in different species in the Serengeti ecosystem in Tanzania during 1996-2009 and the utility of serosurveillance. High seroprevalence among carnivores suggested regular nonfatal exposure. Seropositive wildebeest and buffalo showed that infection was not invariably fatal among herbivores, whereas absence of seropositivity in zebras and frequent detection of fatal cases indicated high susceptibility. Exposure patterns in dogs reflected known patterns of endemicity and provided new information about anthrax in the ecosystem, which indicated the potential of dogs as indicator species. Serosurveillance is a valuable tool for monitoring and detecting anthrax and may shed light on mechanisms responsible for species-specific variability in exposure, susceptibility, and mortality rates.