A simple reason for a big difference:: Wolves do not look back at humans, but dogs do
A simple reason for a big difference:: Wolves do not look back at humans, but dogs do
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DOI：
10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00263-x
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发表时间：
2003-04-29
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Csányi, V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miklósi, A;Kubinyi, E;Csányi, V
目前的调查进行比较种间沟通能力的狗和狼，这是社会化的人在可比的水平。第一项研究表明，社会化的狼能够通过熟悉的人类实验者提供的触摸和一定程度上的指向线索找到隐藏食物的位置，但它们的表现仍然不如狗。在第二项研究中，我们发现，在接受解决简单操作任务的训练后，面临同一问题的无法解决版本的狗会看着/凝视人类，而社会化的狼则不会。基于这些观察，我们认为狗和狼行为的关键区别在于狗看人脸的能力。由于寻找行为在启动和维持人类交流系统中的交流互动方面具有重要作用，我们假设通过正反馈过程（进化和个体发生），狗愿意看人的脸导致了复杂的狗-人交流形式，即使在延长社会化之后，也无法在狼中实现。
The present investigations were undertaken to compare interspecific communicative abilities of dogs and wolves, which were socialized to humans at comparable levels. The first study demonstrated that socialized wolves were able to locate the place of hidden food indicated by the touching and, to some extent, pointing cues provided by the familiar human experimenter, but their performance remained inferior to that of dogs. In the second study, we have found that, after undergoing training to solve a simple manipulation task, dogs that are faced with an insoluble version of the same problem look/gaze at the human, while socialized wolves do not. Based on these observations, we suggest that the key difference between dog and wolf behavior is the dogs' ability to look at the human's face. Since looking behavior has an important function in initializing and maintaining communicative interaction in human communication systems, we suppose that by positive feedback processes (both evolutionary and ontogenetically) the readiness of dogs to look at the human face has lead to complex forms of dog-human communication that cannot be achieved in wolves even after extended socialization.