Demographic history and genetic differentiation in apes
Demographic history and genetic differentiation in apes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2006.04.033
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发表时间：
2006-06-06
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Paeaebo, Svante
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fischer, Anne;Pollack, Joshua;Paeaebo, Svante
人类和类人猿之间遗传变异的比较受到阻碍，因为我们对后一物种的人口统计学和进化历史知之甚少[1-4]。此外，描述猿类的遗传变异是很重要的，因为它们面临灭绝的威胁，关于群体之间遗传分化的知识可以指导保护工作[5]。我们对来自西部、中部和东部黑猩猩群的10个个体和9个倭黑猩猩的多个基因间常染色体区域进行了测序，共22，400个碱基对（bp），并对10个婆罗洲猩猩和6个苏门答腊猩猩的16，000个碱基对进行了测序。这些区域与来自三个人类种群和大猩猩的同源信息一起进行分析。我们发现，猩猩的多样性最高，而西方黑猩猩的多样性最低，而且大多数群体的人口统计历史差异很大。因此，在比较组内和组间的变异程度时，应特别注意抽样战略和所选择的统计数据。最后，我们发现黑猩猩和猩猩的“亚种”之间的遗传分化程度与人类种群中的遗传分化程度相当，这使得猿类中“亚种”概念的有效性受到质疑。
Comparisons of genetic variation between humans and great apes are hampered by the fact that we still know little about the demographics and evolutionary history of the latter species [1-4]. In addition, characterizing ape genetic variation is important because they are threatened with extinction, and knowledge about genetic differentiation among groups may guide conservation efforts [5]. We sequenced multiple intergenic autosomal regions totaling 22,400 base pairs (bp) in ten individuals each from western, central, and eastern chimpanzee groups and in nine bonobos, and 16,000 by in ten Bornean and six Sumatran orangutans. These regions are analyzed together with homologous information from three human populations and gorillas. We find that whereas orangutans have the highest diversity, western chimpanzees have the lowest, and that the demographic histories of most groups differ drastically. Special attention should therefore be paid to sampling strategies and the statistics chosen when comparing levels of variation within and among groups. Finally, we find that the extent of genetic differentiation among "subspecies" of chimpanzees and orangutans is comparable to that seen among human populations, calling the validity of the "subspecies" concept in apes into question.