Collective foraging in heterogeneous landscapes
Collective foraging in heterogeneous landscapes
复制标题
在异质景观中集体觅食
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
T. Vicsek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kunal Bhattacharya;T. Vicsek
动物觅食单独假设，以优化通过Lévy散步资源的遭遇率。然而，多个觅食者之间的相互作用如何影响他们的搜索效率的问题仍然没有完全理解。为了解决这个问题，我们考虑一个模型来研究一组觅食者搜索目标分布不均匀的最优策略。在我们的模型中，觅食者在一个包含固定但可再生目标的正方形网格上移动。在任何时刻，觅食者都只能探测到那些碰巧在同一地点的目标。然而，我们允许觅食者了解其他觅食者的状态。一只没有发现任何目标的觅食蚁以概率exp（−αd）走向最近的位置，在那里另一只觅食蚁发现了一个目标，其中d是觅食蚁之间的距离，α是表征觅食蚁聚集倾向的参数。该模型揭示了过度拥挤（α → 0）和独立搜索（α → ∞）对觅食者都是不利的。对于目标的不规则分布，α的中间值的效率是最大的。此外，在极限α → 0，行走的长度可以成为无标度。
Animals foraging alone are hypothesized to optimize the encounter rates with resources through Lévy walks. However, the issue of how the interactions between multiple foragers influence their search efficiency is still not completely understood. To address this, we consider a model to study the optimal strategy for a group of foragers searching for targets distributed heterogeneously. In our model, foragers move on a square lattice containing immobile but regenerative targets. At any instant, a forager is able to detect only those targets that happen to be in the same site. However, we allow the foragers to have information about the state of other foragers. A forager who has not detected any target walks towards the nearest location, where another forager has detected a target, with a probability exp(−αd), where d is the distance between the foragers and α is a parameter characterizing the propensity of the foragers to aggregate. The model reveals that neither overcrowding (α → 0) nor independent searching (α → ∞) is beneficial for the foragers. For a patchy distribution of targets, the efficiency is maximum for intermediate values of α. In addition, in the limit α → 0, the length of the walks can become scale-free.