Effect of water saturation and loading rate on the mechanical properties of Red and Buff Sandstones
Effect of water saturation and loading rate on the mechanical properties of Red and Buff Sandstones
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijrmms.2016.07.005
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Changani, Hossein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim, Eunhye;Changani, Hossein
许多不同的参数影响岩土材料的力学行为，了解岩土材料的力学行为不仅对学术研究而且对各种工业应用都很重要。1由于典型的岩土材料在孔隙尺寸上是不均匀的，并且在性质上具有不同程度的水化，因此理解不同孔隙度和含水量的岩土材料在不同载荷条件下的断裂行为对于理解岩土材料特性在断裂过程中所起的作用是至关重要的。例如，了解地质材料的孔隙度和含水量如何影响破坏它们所需的能量是很重要的。此外，由于加载速率对岩石破碎过程（包括钻孔、爆破、水力压裂、破碎和研磨）以及破坏模式（包括岩石破裂、冲击破坏等）具有显著影响，因此，关于不同加载速率下地质材料的力学性质和行为的信息可显著影响地下施工的安全性、最佳能源成本、挖掘和能源提取的生产力，以及抗冲击工程基础设施和建筑的设计。6，7，8，9在石油和天然气工业中，油藏工程师的主要任务是提高威尔斯的生产率。诱导水力压裂是一种通常用于在岩石储层中产生裂缝的技术。在这个过程的开始，一个被称为射孔枪的装置被下放到井中储层岩石中的指定位置，并发射一个装药以覆盖钢套管、水泥和岩层。该穿孔阶段在岩石中产生小裂缝或裂缝。然后在高压下将水、沙子和化学品的混合物注入井筒，以保持裂缝打开。在这一过程的各个环节中，了解孔隙度和含水量对储集岩动力学行为的影响有助于预测岩土材料的性质和行为。多年来，许多研究者对各种类型的岩土材料在不同条件下的力学行为进行了研究。虽然在孔隙率对金属、复合材料和陶瓷的动态断裂力学的影响方面已经做了大量的工作，但在动态载荷条件下对具有不同孔隙率的地质材料所做的工作非常有限。11，12由于许多研究岩石力学的工程师和科学家认为，在静态和动态加载条件下，施加在岩石上的力以类似的机制破坏岩石样品，因此在静态加载条件下进行了许多试验。然而，一些研究人员报道，有显着不同的岩石破坏机制之间的静态和动态加载试验。13，14，15，16此外，有时不容易获得具有相似矿物成分的相关岩石样品，这些岩石样品具有显著不同的孔隙度，这对于获得岩石孔隙度对机械性质和行为的准确影响至关重要。
A number of different parameters influence the mechanical behavior of geomaterials, and understanding the mechanical behavior of geomaterials is important for not only academic research but also various industrial applications. 1 As typical geomaterials are heterogeneous in pore size and are hydrated to various degrees in nature, understanding the fracture behavior of geomaterials of different porosities and water contents under different loading conditions is crucial to understanding the role that geomaterial characteristics play in fracturing processes. 2, 3, 4 For example, it is important to know how the porosities and water contents of geomaterials influences how much energy is needed to disrupt them. In addition, as the rate of loading has a significant effect on rock fragmentation processes, including drilling, blasting, hydraulic fracturing, crushing, and grinding, and on failure modes, including rock bursting, impact failure, and others, 5 information about the mechanical properties and behaviors of geomaterials at different loading rates can significantly affect the safety of underground construction, the optimum energy cost, the productivity of excavation and energy extraction, and the design of impact-resistant engineered infrastructures and constructions. 6, 7, 8, 9 In the oil and gas industry, the main task of reservoir engineers is to increase the productivity of wells. Induced hydraulic fracturing is a technique that is typically used to generate fractures in rock reservoirs. At the beginning of this process, a device known as a perforating gun is lowered into a well to a designated location in the reservoir rock, and a charge is fired to perforate the steel casing, cement, and rock formation. This perforation stage creates small cracks or fractures in the rock. A mixture of water, sand, and chemicals is then injected into the wellbore under high pressure to keep the fractures open. In all steps of this process, knowledge of the effects of porosity and water content on the dynamic behavior of the reservoir rock may be useful in predicting the geomaterial properties and behaviors.For many years, many researchers have studied the mechanical behavior of various types of geomaterials under different conditions. While a considerable amount of work has been done on the effect of porosity on the dynamic fracture mechanics of metals, composites, and ceramics, 10 only a very limited amount of work has been done on geomaterials with different porosities under dynamic loading conditions. 11, 12 As many engineers and scientists studying rock mechanics thought that the force applied on a rock breaks a rock sample with the similar mechanism in static and dynamic loading conditions, many tests have been performed under static loading conditions. However, some researchers reported that there were significantly different rock failure mechanisms between static and dynamic loading tests. 13, 14, 15, 16 Additionally, sometimes it is not easy to obtain relevant rock samples having similar mineral compositions with remarkably different porosities essential to get accurate rock porosity effect on mechanical properties and behaviors.