Root biomechanics in Rhizophora mangle: anatomy, morphology and ecology of mangrove's flying buttresses.
Root biomechanics in Rhizophora mangle: anatomy, morphology and ecology of mangrove's flying buttresses.
复制标题
红树根部生物力学：红树林飞扶壁的解剖学、形态学和生态学。
DOI：
10.1093/aob/mcv002
复制
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
J. López‐Portillo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Méndez;C. Moctezuma;V. Ordóñez;G. Angeles;A. J. Martínez;J. López‐Portillo
背景和目标
红树林的种类具有从主要茎上生长并类似于飞行的支撑物的明显类似的根部（根茎）。 Ophore R. Mangle的建筑与主要茎的距离且具有茎尺寸和冠的位置。
方法
在墨西哥的沿海泻湖中生长的R. mangle（红色红树林）树木的异形和木材机械性能与Avicennia Germinans的共存，非算过的红树林的沿海泻湖的沿海泻湖中的相关性与皇冠上的机械压力相关。
关键结果
根茎在10％至33％的树高之间。 /茎直径）在曼格（R. Mangle）中较高，但是在临界屈曲的高度上没有种间差异。
结论
与A. germinans相比，底部具有宽唤醒和耀斑的树种，R。Mangle支撑了更较薄的机械耐药性的茎，该茎稳定在根茎的根茎上，这提供了一种独特的策略，可以增加树木的细长和高度，而在某种地点，典型不稳定的底物会受到经常暴风雨的影响。
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Rhizophora species of mangroves have a conspicuous system of stilt-like roots (rhizophores) that grow from the main stem and resemble flying buttresses. As such, the development of rhizophores can be predicted to be important for the effective transmission of dynamic loads from the top of the tree to the ground, especially where the substrate is unstable, as is often the case in the habitats where Rhizophora species typically grow. This study tests the hypothesis that rhizophore architecture in R. mangle co-varies with their proximity to the main stem, and with stem size and crown position.
METHODS
The allometry and wood mechanical properties of R. mangle (red mangrove) trees growing in a mangrove basin forest within a coastal lagoon in Mexico were compared with those of coexisting, non-buttressed mangrove trees of Avicennia germinans. The anatomy of rhizophores was related to mechanical stress due to crown orientation (static load) and to prevailing winds (dynamic load) at the study site.
KEY RESULTS
Rhizophores buttressed between 10 and 33 % of tree height. There were significant and direct scaling relationships between the number, height and length of rhizophores vs. basal area, tree height and crown area. Wood mechanical resistance was significantly higher in the buttressed R. mangle (modulus of elasticity, MOE = 18·1 ± 2 GPa) than in A. germinans (MOE = 12·1 ± 0·5 GPa). Slenderness ratios (total height/stem diameter) were higher in R. mangle, but there were no interspecies differences in critical buckling height. When in proximity to the main stem, rhizophores had a lower length/height ratio, higher eccentricity and higher xylem/bark and pith proportions. However, there were no directional trends with regard to prevailing winds or tree leaning.
CONCLUSIONS
In comparison with A. germinans, a tree species with wide girth and flare at the base, R. mangle supports a thinner stem of higher mechanical resistance that is stabilized by rhizophores resembling flying buttresses. This provides a unique strategy to increase tree slenderness and height in the typically unstable substrate on which the trees grow, at a site that is subject to frequent storms.