The Role of Mind-Wandering in Measurements of General Aptitude
The Role of Mind-Wandering in Measurements of General Aptitude
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DOI：
10.1037/a0027968
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发表时间：
2012-11-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Schooler, Jonathan W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mrazek, Michael D.;Smallwood, Jonathan;Schooler, Jonathan W.
对工作记忆容量(WMC)和液态智力(GF)的测试被认为可以捕捉到一种关键的认知能力的变异性，这种能力广泛地预测着成功，但准确地确定这种能力的确切性质仍然是一个持续存在争议的领域。我们认为走神与WMC和GF测试中的表现有关，从而部分解释了这些测试和它们广泛的预测效用之间的可靠相关性。现有证据表明，WMC和GF都与注意任务的表现有关，但更决定性的证据需要对注意力的作用进行评估，特别是在这些测试的执行过程中走神。四项采用互补方法论设计的研究将思维抽样嵌入到一般能力测试中，并确定走神与这些测试中的较差表现一致相关。总而言之，这些研究表明，在艰巨的任务中避免走神的能力是衡量一般能力的一个潜在的重要成功来源，同时也提出了一个重要的问题，即之前证明的WMC和走神之间的关系是否完全可以归因于在走神之前的执行失败(McVay&Kane，2010b)。
Tests of working memory capacity (WMC) and fluid intelligence (gF) are thought to capture variability in a crucial cognitive capacity that is broadly predictive of success, yet pinpointing the exact nature of this capacity is an area of ongoing controversy. We propose that mind-wandering is associated with performance on tests of WMC and gF, thereby partially explaining both the reliable correlations between these tests and their broad predictive utility. Existing evidence indicates that both WMC and gF are correlated with performance on tasks of attention, yet more decisive evidence requires an assessment of the role of attention and, in particular, mind-wandering during performance of these tests. Four studies employing complementary methodological designs embedded thought sampling into tests of general aptitude and determined that mind-wandering was consistently associated with worse performance on these measures. Collectively, these studies implicate the capacity to avoid mind-wandering during demanding tasks as a potentially important source of success on measures of general aptitude, while also raising important questions about whether the previously documented relationship between WMC and mind-wandering can be exclusively attributed to executive failures preceding mind-wandering (McVay & Kane, 2010b).