Negative information weighs more heavily on the brain: The negativity bias in evaluative categorizations
Negative information weighs more heavily on the brain: The negativity bias in evaluative categorizations
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.75.4.887
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发表时间：
1998-10-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Cacioppo, JT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ito, TA;Larsen, JT;Cacioppo, JT
消极信息往往比极端的积极信息对评价的影响更大。为了验证这种负性偏见是否在评价性分类阶段发生，作者记录了事件相关脑电位（erp），当参与者观看积极、消极和中性图片时，事件相关脑电位对评价性分类比反应输出阶段更敏感。结果显示，在(a)正、负刺激与中性刺激相比，(b)负刺激与正刺激相比，在评估分类过程中，脑后期正电位振幅更大，尽管这两种刺激的可能性、评估极端性和唤醒性都是一样的。这些结果支持了情感加工中的负性偏见早在最初的价类分类中就出现的假设。
Negative information tends to influence evaluations more strongly than comparably extreme positive information. To test whether this negativity bias operates at the evaluative categorization stage, the authors recorded event-related brain potentials (ERPs), which are more sensitive to the evaluative categorization than the response output stage, as participants viewed positive, negative, and neutral pictures. Results revealed larger amplitude late positive brain potentials during the evaluative categorization of (a) positive and negative stimuli as compared with neutral stimuli and (b) negative as compared with positive stimuli, even though both were equally probable, evaluatively extreme, and arousing. These results provide support for the hypothesis that the negativity bias in affective processing occurs as early as the initial categorization into valence classes.