Social impact bonds: The securitization of the homeless
Social impact bonds: The securitization of the homeless
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aos.2016.10.003
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Himick, Darlene
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cooper, Christine;Graham, Cameron;Himick, Darlene
本文考察了最近出现的社会影响债券(SIB)现象。社会影响债券是一种将某些当代的、棘手的“社会问题”市场化/金融化的尝试，例如无家可归和犯罪累犯。SIB依赖于大量的会计技术，包括预算、未来现金流、贴现、业绩衡量和审计。因此，它们代表了会计在制定政府政策方面的一种潜在的强大和有问题的使用。本文包含了一系列SIB中最新的一个案例研究，即伦敦无家可归SIB，重点是圣芒戈基金会，这是一个总部位于伦敦的慈善基金会，是SIB资助的两个服务提供商(慈善机构)之一。该案例研究旨在对支撑SIB的合理性进行批判性反思。为此，本文借鉴了米歇尔·福柯关于生物政治学和新自由主义的著作。SIB完全是新自由主义的，因为它建立在一个假设之上，即没有社会问题，只有失败的个人。SIB将债券中的所有参与者--或许除了无家可归者本身--转变为企业家。相反，无家可归的人是“失败的企业家”，他们被证券化为投资者未来潜在的现金流。(C)2016爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
This paper examines the recent phenomenon of social impact bonds (SIBs). Social impact bonds are an attempt to marketize/financialize certain contemporary, intractable "social problems", such as homelessness and criminal recidivism. SIBs rely on a vast array of accounting technologies including budgets, future cash flows, discounting, performance measurement and auditing. As such, they represent a potentially powerful and problematic use of accounting to enact government policy. This paper contains a case study of the most recent in a series of SIBs, the London Homelessness SIB, focusing on St Mungo's, a London-based charitable foundation that was one of two service providers (charities) funded by the SIB. The case study is intended to enable a critical reflection on the rationalities that underpin the SIB. For this purpose, the paper draws upon Michel Foucault's work on biopolitics and neoliberalism. The SIB is thoroughly neoliberal in that it is constructed upon an assumption that there is no such thing as a social problem, only individuals who fail. The SIB transforms all participants in the bond, except perhaps the homeless themselves, into entrepreneurs. The homeless are instead "failed entrepreneurs" who become securitized into the potential future cash flows of investors. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.