Perceptual bias reveals slow-updating in autism and fast-forgetting in dyslexia
Perceptual bias reveals slow-updating in autism and fast-forgetting in dyslexia
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DOI：
10.1038/s41593-018-0308-9
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发表时间：
2019-02-01
影响因子：
25
通讯作者：
Ahissar, Merav
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lieder, Itay;Adam, Vincent;Ahissar, Merav
自闭症患者和阅读障碍患者在知觉任务中都表现出对先前感觉信息（刺激统计）的使用减少，尽管这是两种截然不同的神经发育障碍。为了更好地理解过去的感觉信息是如何影响这些疾病的知觉体验的，我们首先调查了神经正常参与者在一系列区分任务中的逐个试验表现。神经正常的参与者过度重视近期的刺激，揭示了内部感觉模型的快速更新，这是适应不断变化的环境。他们还对刺激统计数据的长期积累推断出的详细刺激分布进行加权，这在稳定的环境中是自适应的。与神经正常的参与者相比，患有阅读障碍的个体对早期刺激的重视程度较低，而患有自闭症谱系障碍的个体对近期刺激的重视程度较低。对知觉推理的动态研究表明，有阅读障碍的个体更多地依赖于刚刚过去的信息，而自闭症个体的知觉则受长期统计数据的支配。
Individuals with autism and individuals with dyslexia both show reduced use of previous sensory information (stimuli statistics) in perceptual tasks, even though these are very different neurodevelopmental disorders. To better understand how past sensory information influences the perceptual experience in these disorders, we first investigated the trial-by-trial performance of neurotypical participants in a serial discrimination task. Neurotypical participants overweighted recent stimuli, revealing fast updating of internal sensory models, which is adaptive in changing environments. They also weighted the detailed stimuli distribution inferred by longer-term accumulation of stimuli statistics, which is adaptive in stable environments. Compared to neurotypical participants, individuals with dyslexia weighted earlier stimuli less heavily, whereas individuals with autism spectrum disorder weighted recent stimuli less heavily. Investigating the dynamics of perceptual inference reveals that individuals with dyslexia rely more on information about the immediate past, whereas perception in individuals with autism is dominated by longer-term statistics.