Understanding Negative Self-Evaluations in Borderline Personality Disorder—a Review of Self-Related Cognitions, Emotions, and Motives
Understanding Negative Self-Evaluations in Borderline Personality Disorder—a Review of Self-Related Cognitions, Emotions, and Motives
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DOI：
10.1007/s11920-017-0771-0
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发表时间：
2017-03
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
D. Winter;M. Bohus;S. Lis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Winter;M. Bohus;S. Lis
自我意识的情绪，如内疚、羞耻或自我厌恶，以及自我相关的动机，如自我增强或自我验证，影响人们如何感知、评估、记忆和回应与自我相关的信息。它们不仅影响人们对自己的概念，而且可能影响他们在社会环境中的行为。在目前的审查中，我们描述了边缘型人格障碍（BPD）的自我相关处理的改变。我们选择BPD作为精神障碍的一个例子，其中自我功能和身份的损害构成了一个主要特征。由于自我参照处理的临床研究中使用的术语是多样的，往往令人困惑，我们开始审查一些主要概念，在这一领域的研究使用的概念框架提供了社会心理学。大多数关于BPD自我参照加工的研究都集中在对自尊的描述上，并揭示了一种消极的自我概念，特别是通过明确报告的低自尊来表达。此外，自尊在BPD中是不稳定的，并且可能对自我相关线索做出反应。BPD患者倾向于对自己产生负面情绪，如自我厌恶和羞耻。第一个数据也表明了自我相关动机的改变。总之，虽然外显自尊作为BPD的一个全球性和特质样特征被广泛研究，但考虑到自尊结构的复杂性的研究非常缺乏。需要对自我相关过程的改变进行进一步研究，以加深我们对BPD中自我概念损害的理解，并使心理社会治疗方法得以改进。
Self-conscious emotions, such as guilt, shame, or self-disgust, as well as self-related motives, such as self-enhancement or self-verification, influence how people perceive, evaluate, memorize, and respond to self-related information. They not only influence peoples’ concepts of themselves but may also affect their behavior in social environments. In the current review, we describe alterations of self-related processing in borderline personality disorder (BPD). We chose BPD as an example of a mental disorder of which impairments in self-functioning and identity constitute a major feature. Since terminology used in clinical research on self-referential processing is diverse and often confusing, we start with reviewing some of the main concepts in this area of research using a conceptual framework provided from social psychology. Most studies on self-referential processing in BPD focused on descriptions of self-esteem and revealed a negative self-concept, particularly expressed by explicitly reported low self-esteem. Moreover, self-esteem is unstable in BPD and likely reactive to self-relevant cues. BPD patients are prone to negative emotions with respect to themselves, such as self-disgust and shame. First data point to altered self-related motives, too. In conclusion, although explicit self-esteem is widely studied as a global and trait-like feature of BPD, there is a strong lack of studies that take the complexity of the construct self-esteem into account. Further studies on alterations in self-related processes are required to deepen our understanding of impairments of the self-concept in BPD and enable the improvement of psychosocial therapeutic approaches.