Synergistic effects of subsistence hunting and habitat fragmentation on Amazonian forest vertebrates
Synergistic effects of subsistence hunting and habitat fragmentation on Amazonian forest vertebrates
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.01089.x
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发表时间：
2001-12-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Peres, CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peres, CA
自给性捕猎对亚马逊森林中脊椎动物群落的物种多样性、现存量和大小结构产生了深远的负面影响，否则这些群落基本上不会受到干扰。这些影响可能会因森林碎片化而显著加剧，因为碎片更容易被猎人获取，不允许(或极低比率)来自未被采伐的来源种群的重新定居，并可能为果食性-花岗岩类脊椎动物提供质量较低的资源基础。我研究了中型到大型鸟类和哺乳动物种群在亚马逊森林中生存的可能性，这些碎片大小不一，每当自给自足的猎人在与世隔绝的情况下继续收获它们时。我使用了整个新热带森林猎物收获研究的综合汇编的数据来估计不同物种和种群被过度捕捞的程度，然后计算出维持可持续收获所需的最小森林面积范围。5564个亚马逊森林碎片的大小分布--根据陆地卫星对巴西亚马逊南部和东部六个地区的图像估计--清楚地表明，这些碎片主要是小的，很少超过10公顷，这表明持续的过度狩猎很可能导致大多数中型到大型脊椎动物种群在零散的森林景观中局部灭绝。尽管对这种负面协同作用的实验研究仍然很少，但日益分散的新热带森林地区不太可能保留其鸟类和哺乳动物物种的完整组合。
Subsistence game bunting has profound negative effects on the species diversity, standing biomass, and size structure of vertebrate assemblages in Amazonian forests that otherwise remain largely undisturbed. These effects are likely to be considerably aggravated by forest fragmentation because fragments are more accessible to hunters, allow no (or very low rates of) recolonization from nonharvested source populations, and may provide a lower-quality resource base for the frugivore-granivore vertebrate fauna. I examined the likelihood of midsized to large-bodied bird and mammal populations persisting in Amazonian forest fragments of variable sizes whenever they continue to be harvested by subsistence hunters in the aftermath of isolation. I used data from a comprehensive compilation of game-harvest studies throughout Neotropical forests to estimate the degree to which different species and populations have been overharvested and then calculated the range of minimum forest areas required to maintain a sustainable harvest. The size distribution of 5564 Amazonian forest fragments-estimated from Landsat images of six regions of southern and eastern Brazilian Amazonia-clearly shows that these are predominantly small and rarely exceed 10 ha, suggesting that persistent overhunting is likely to drive most midsized to large vertebrate populations to local extinction in fragmented forest landscapes. Although experimental studies on this negative synergism remain largely unavailable, the prospect that increasingly fragmented Neotropical forest regions can retain their full assemblages of avian and mammalian species is unlikely.