A BIOCHEMICAL STUDY OF GROWTH OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
A BIOCHEMICAL STUDY OF GROWTH OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
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DOI：
10.1002/jez.1401620309
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发表时间：
1966-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
ROBERTSON, FW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CHURCH, RB;ROBERTSON, FW
研究了黑腹果蝇野生品系从卵孵化到成虫的生长过程。湿重和干重，蛋白质和蛋白质组分，脂质，RNA和DNA已在连续的时间间隔确定。所有估计值均在成分确定培养基上无菌生长的动物中进行。该培养基已被证明允许生长，当幼虫可以自由地挖洞时，其生长速度与活酵母培养基一样快。不溶性蛋白质和几丁质氮在蛹后期达到最大值，约占总氮的70%，此时可溶性氮达到最低水平。氨基酸组分在三龄早期达到最大值。含水量在一龄末从70-75%下降，二龄时上升到最大值，在预蛹期急剧下降到66%左右。总脂质代表幼虫生长期间体重的增加比例，从幼幼虫的约6%增加到化蛹时的约15%。RNA的增长曲线与干重和蛋白质的增长曲线一致。RNA与蛋白质的比例在前两个龄期下降。DNA含量的增加遵循与RNA相似的路径。RNA/DNA比率在卵孵化后24小时达到最大值，到84小时下降到该值的一半左右，此后或多或少保持不变。蛋白质、RNA和DNA的增长率在幼虫生活的连续时期表现出显著的差异。对于蛋白质，比率很高，并且一直增加到大约36小时，之后在幼虫的其余生命中迅速下降。对于这两种核酸的增加率福尔斯下降到最低限度，在早期的第三龄，约的时间的临界大小，然后增加在增殖的成虫盘，最后下降，在结束幼虫的生活。这些数据与其他果蝇品系和其他昆虫物种的证据进行了比较。在后一种情况下，似乎所有的双翅目昆虫，到目前为止检查，遵循类似的趋势，在增长过程中的核酸增加。利用脉冲标记法和蔗糖梯度分析法，跟踪了从卵到成虫发育过程中RNA的合成。发育阶段不同的快速标记的高分子量材料的量，这是最明显的在新孵化的幼虫和中三龄幼虫，在时间时，总RNA的合成率高。
The growth of a wild strain of Drosophila melanogaster has been studied from the time of hatching from the egg to the adult. Wet and dry weights, protein and protein fractions, lipids, RNA and DNA have been determined at successive intervals. All estimates have been carried out on animals grown axenically on defined medium. The medium has been shown to permit growth which is as fast as on live yeast medium when the larvae can burrow freely. Insoluble protein and chitin nitrogen reach a maximum of about 70% total nitrogen in the late pupa, at which time the soluble nitrogen reaches its lowest level. The amino acid fraction reaches a maximum in the early third instar. The water content declines from 70-75% of the live weight at the end of the first instar, rises to a maximum during the second instar and declines sharply to about 66% at the prepupal stage. Total lipids represent an increasing proportion of body weight during larval growth, increasing from about 6% in young larvae to about 15% at pupation. The curve of RNA increase follows the dry weight and protein curves during larval life. The ratio of RNA to protein declines during the first two instars. The increase in DNA content follows a path similar to that of RNA. The RNA/DNA ratio reaches a maximum 24 hours after hatching from the egg, declines to about half this value by 84 hours, and remains more or less constant thereafter. The rates of increase of protein, RNA and DNA during successive periods of larval life show striking differences. For protein the rate is high and increasing until about 36 hours after which it declines rapidly during the rest of larval life. For both nucleic acids the rate of increase falls to a minimum in the early third instar, about the time of the critical size, then increases during proliferation of the imaginal discs and finally declines at the end of larval life. The data are compared with evidence from other strains of Drosophila and from other species of insect. In the latter case, it appears that all the Diptera, so far examined, follow a similar trend in the increase of the nucleic acids during growth. RNA synthesis has been followed during development from egg to adult with the aid of pulse-labeling and sucrose gradient analysis. Developmental stages differ in the amount of rapidly labeled high molecular weight material which is most evident in newly hatched larvae and in mid-third instar larva, at times when the rate of synthesis of total RNA is high.