Surfing the Wave, Cycle, Life History, and Genes/Proteins Expressed by Testicular Germ Cells. Part 2: Changes in Spermatid Organelles Associated With Development of Spermatozoa
Surfing the Wave, Cycle, Life History, and Genes/Proteins Expressed by Testicular Germ Cells. Part 2: Changes in Spermatid Organelles Associated With Development of Spermatozoa
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DOI：
10.1002/jemt.20787
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Smith, Charles E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hermo, Louis;Pelletier, R. -Marc;Smith, Charles E.
精子发生是一个由精母细胞减数分裂产生的单倍体精子蜕变为精子的漫长过程。它被细分为不同的步骤，其中19个在大鼠中被识别，16个在小鼠中被识别，8个在人类中被识别。大鼠的精子发生时间为22.7天，人的精子发生时间为21天。本部分从结构和功能的角度综述了精子发生过程中的几个关键事件。在精子发生早期，高尔基体形成顶体，这是一种参与受精的溶酶体样膜结合细胞器，内质网经历了几次地形和结构上的改变，包括放射状体和环状片的形成，染色质体发育完全，在这个时候经历了结构和功能上的改变。它被怀疑参与RNA的储存和加工。精子头的形状经历了广泛的物种特异性结构变化，核染色质变得紧密，以适应精子头的流线型外观。在精子发育的特定阶段，微管组织形成与精子有关的幕状结构或幔状结构，它参与维持精子头部形状和精子细胞质中蛋白质的运输。在精子发生过程中，许多基因/蛋白质与生殖细胞发育过程中发生的各种动态事件有关，其中一些基因/蛋白质的缺失已被证明会导致低生育能力或不孕症。2009 Wiley-Liss Inc .
Spermiogenesis is a long process whereby haploid spermatids derived from the meiotic divisions of spermatocytes undergo metamorphosis into spermatozoa. It is subdivided into distinct, steps with 19 being identified in rats, 16 in mouse and 8 in humans. Sperrmogenesis extends over 22.7 days in rats and 21 6 clays in humans In this part, we review several key events that take place during the development of spermatids from a structural and functional point of view. During early spermiogenesis, the Golgi apparatus forms the acrosome, a lysosome-like membrane bound organelle involved in fertilization The endoplasmic reticulum undergoes several topographical and structural modifications including the formation of the radial body and annulate lamellae The chromatoid body is fully developed and undergoes structural and functional modifications at this time. It is suspected to be involved in RNA storing and processing. The shape of the spermatid head undergoes extensive structural changes that are species-specific, and the nuclear chromatin becomes compacted to accommodate the stream-lined appearance of the sperm head. Microtubules become organized to form a curtain or manchette that associates with spermatids at specific steps of their development It is involved in maintenance of the sperm head shape and trafficking of proteins in the spermatid cytoplasm. During spermiogenesis, many genes/proteins have been implicated in the diverse dynamic events occurring at this time of development of germ cells and the absence of some of these have been shown to result in subfertility or infertility Microsc Res Tech 73,279-319. 2010 (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss Inc