Vibratory communication in the soil: pupal signals deter larval intrusion in a group-living beetle Trypoxylus dichotoma
Vibratory communication in the soil: pupal signals deter larval intrusion in a group-living beetle Trypoxylus dichotoma
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DOI：
10.1007/s00265-011-1264-5
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Ishikawa, Yukio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kojima, Wataru;Takanashi, Takuma;Ishikawa, Yukio
已知几种昆虫物种的蛹产生空气传播的声音和/或基质传播的振动，但是声音/振动的功能还没有很好地理解。在这里，我们提出了第一个证据的振动之间的沟通pupelium和幼虫的一组生活的日本犀牛甲虫Trypoxylus dichotoma的栖息腐殖土。这种甲虫的末龄幼虫构建自己的蛹细胞，以确保正常的化蛹和羽化。这些细胞很脆弱，容易受到挖洞幼虫的破坏，因为腐皮和幼虫共同居住在同一片腐殖土中。在实验室实验中，我们证明，蛹细胞窝藏活蛹不太可能被打破的幼虫比那些窝藏死蛹。它还表明，蛹产生振动响应幼虫接近蛹细胞。高速视频和振动分析表明，蛹发出3-7脉冲在1.3秒的时间间隔，由他们的前背板对蛹细胞的内壁殴打。蛹的振动频率较低，最大能量约为100 Hz。击鼓行为更频繁地观察到在接近幼虫的存在下比在其缺席。当蛹的振动在空的人工蛹细胞附近播放时，这些细胞很少受到幼虫的干扰。这些结果提供了证据表明，pupelies产生振动，以阻止同种幼虫，从而防止对细胞的损害。这种幼虫对蛹振动的反应可能是通过预先存在的反捕食者和/或同胞杀戮回避行为进化而来的。
Pupae of several insect species are known to generate air-borne sounds and/or substrate-borne vibrations, but the functions of the sounds/vibrations are not well understood. Here, we present the first evidence of vibratory communication between pupae and larvae of a group-living Japanese rhinoceros beetle Trypoxylus dichotoma which inhabits humus soil. The last-instar larvae of this beetle construct their own pupal cells to ensure normal pupation and eclosion. These cells are fragile and subject to damage from burrowing larvae because pupae and larvae co-inhabit the same patches of humus. In laboratory experiments, we demonstrated that pupal cells harboring live pupae were less likely to be broken by larvae than those harboring dead pupae. It was also demonstrated that pupae produced vibrations in response to larvae approaching the pupal cells. High-speed video and vibration analyses showed that pupae emitted 3-7 pulses at 1.3-s intervals by beating their pronotum against the inner wall of the pupal cell. The pupal vibration was of low frequency with a maximum energy at approximate to 100 Hz. The drumming behavior was more frequently observed in the presence of an approaching larva than in its absence. When pupal vibrations were played back near to vacant artificial pupal cells, these cells were rarely disturbed by the larvae. These results provide evidence that pupae generate vibrations to deter conspecific larvae, thereby preventing damage to the cells. This larval response to pupal vibrations may have evolved through preexisting anti-predator and/or sib-killing-avoidance behavior.