How incremental is language production? Evidence from the production of utterances requiring the computation of arithmetic sums
How incremental is language production? Evidence from the production of utterances requiring the computation of arithmetic sums
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DOI：
10.1006/jmla.2001.2797
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Swets, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferreira, F;Swets, B
语言产生的渐进式方法假定语言产生系统是交错的。规划和表达过程。两个实验检验了这一假设，在第一个实验中，参与者用三种不同的发音中的一种来陈述两个两位数字的总和，即总和本身，后面跟有“就是答案”的序列的总和，或者框架“答案是”后面跟着总和。问题的难度也被处理了，所以在某些情况下，演讲者可以(原则上)在计划十分或总和时说出十分或总和。所有三种发声类型的开始说话潜伏期都是相同的，并受到问题整体难度的影响。话语时长不受问题难度的影响。在第二个实验中，参与者被诱导通过使用截止日期程序递增地发言。潜伏期和话语持续时间都受到问题难度的影响。后一项发现支持渐进式教学法的一个基本前提：说话者有时会同时发言和计划。然而，语言生成系统似乎并不是在架构上递增的，相反，人们递增说话的程度受到战略的控制。(C)2001年爱思唯尔科学公司。
The incremental approach to language production assumes that the production system interleaves. planning and articulation processes. Two experiments examined this assumption, In the first, participants stated the sums of two two-digit numbers in one of three different kinds of utterances, the sum by itself, the sum followed by the sequence "is the answer," or the frame "The answer is" followed by the sum. Problem difficulty was manipulated as well, so that in some conditions, speakers could (in principle) state the tens component Or the sum while planning the ones. Latencies to begin to speak were the same for all three utterance types and were affected by the difficulty of the problem as a whole. Utterance durations were unaffected by problem difficulty. In the second experiment, participants were induced to speak incrementally through the use of a deadline procedure. Both latencies and utterance durations were influenced by the difficulty of the problem. This latter finding supports a basic premise of the incremental approach: Speakers sometimes speak and plan simultaneously. Nevertheless, the language production system appears not to be architecturally incremental instead, the extent to which people speak incrementally is under strategic control. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science.