Interaction in Spoken Word Recognition Models: Feedback Helps.
Interaction in Spoken Word Recognition Models: Feedback Helps.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00369
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Harris HD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Magnuson JS;Mirman D;Luthra S;Strauss T;Harris HD
人类的感知、认知和行动需要自下而上的信号与自上而下的知识和背景的快速整合。认知科学中的一个关键理论观点是交互激活假说：双向连接的神经网络中的前向和后向流允许人类和其他生物系统在现实世界的约束下近似最优地整合自下而上和自上而下的信息。另一种观点是，在线反馈既没有必要也没有帮助;纯粹的前馈替代方案可以为任何反馈系统构建，在线反馈不能改善处理，并会排除真实的感知。在口语单词识别领域，后一种观点显然得到了使用交互式激活模型TRACE（有反馈和无反馈）的模拟的支持：在没有反馈的情况下识别出的单词数量与有反馈的情况下识别出的单词数量一样多，但是，这些模拟只使用了一小部分单词，并且没有解决交互的主要动机：使模型在噪声中鲁棒。我们使用数百个单词进行了模拟，发现大多数单词在有反馈的情况下比没有反馈的情况下识别得更快。更重要的是，当我们在输入中加入噪音时，有反馈的准确性和识别时间比没有反馈的要好。我们遵循这些模拟与最近的争论，在线反馈的互动激活模型，如TRACE是不同于其他潜在的有益形式的反馈的批判性审查。我们的结论是，除了提供在我们的模拟证明的好处，在线反馈提供了一个合理的手段，实现puperium不同形式的反馈，支持互动激活假说。
Human perception, cognition, and action requires fast integration of bottom-up signals with top-down knowledge and context. A key theoretical perspective in cognitive science is the interactive activation hypothesis: forward and backward flow in bidirectionally connected neural networks allows humans and other biological systems to approximate optimal integration of bottom-up and top-down information under real-world constraints. An alternative view is that online feedback is neither necessary nor helpful; purely feed forward alternatives can be constructed for any feedback system, and online feedback could not improve processing and would preclude veridical perception. In the domain of spoken word recognition, the latter view was apparently supported by simulations using the interactive activation model, TRACE, with and without feedback: as many words were recognized more quickly without feedback as were recognized faster with feedback, However, these simulations used only a small set of words and did not address a primary motivation for interaction: making a model robust in noise. We conducted simulations using hundreds of words, and found that the majority were recognized more quickly with feedback than without. More importantly, as we added noise to inputs, accuracy and recognition times were better with feedback than without. We follow these simulations with a critical review of recent arguments that online feedback in interactive activation models like TRACE is distinct from other potentially helpful forms of feedback. We conclude that in addition to providing the benefits demonstrated in our simulations, online feedback provides a plausible means of implementing putatively distinct forms of feedback, supporting the interactive activation hypothesis.
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2.6
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